Saddam Hussein Essays - Politics Of Iraq, Kuwait,

Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein, an Iraqi political leader, was born to a poor Arab family on April 28, 1937. Hussein studied law in Egypt after his attempt to assassinate the premier of Iraq, Abdul Karim Kassem, in 1959. In the summer of 1968, the Baath party returned to power and named Hussein as deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. Hussein has been described by many as the most powerful person in Iraq because of his intimidation of enemies, careful control of his political power, and his military purges. Saddam finally gained control of the Iraq presidency in 1979. His many goals as President included attempting to increase industrial production, reorganizing government policies in agriculture, and improving education and the status of women. Hussein first began a successful development program of Iraq's huge petroleum resources. However, this development and economic and social advances were at risk when Iraq went to war with Iran from 1980 to 1988. Hussein started this war to control Arab-inhabited areas and especially for oil resources. Hussein is also known as a ruthless leader who used chemical weapons on Kurdish people seeking freedom in the 1980's. In August, 1990, Hussein invaded and annexed Kuwait for violating oil production laws set by the Organization of Petroleum Exports Countries(OPEC). (Kuwait had lowered the price of oil.) The Iraqi forces killed many Kuwaiti people and stole or destroyed much property. Hussein apparently wanted to use Kuwait's vast oil resources to help Iraq's economy. Many people believed that Iraq would next invade neighboring countries such as Saudi Arabia. Some of the countries that opposed Iraq's invasion and that sent forces to this region were the United States, Canada, and several Arab and Western European nations. These countries formed an allied military coalition that caused a worldwide embargo against Iraq. The United Nations Security Council condemned Iraq's occupation and approved the use of military force on Iraq if their troops did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. Hussein ignored this demand and refused to withdraw. The consequence of this decision was to go to war. On January 16, 1991, the allies bombed military targets in Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq, in return, launched missiles against Saudi Arabia and Israel. The U.S.-led military coalition drove Iraq's armies out of Kuwait. This war, called the Persian Gulf War, lasted only six weeks. On April 11, 1991, the U.N. Security Council made Iraq promise to pay Kuwait for war damages. Hussein also had to destroy all chemical and biological weapons, as well as the facilities that might produce nuclear weapons. In March of 1991, the Shiites in Southern Iraq and in the Kurdish areas in the north rebelled and opposed The Iraqi government. As a result, Hussein began air attacks against these rebels. In August, 1992, the U.N. had to step in to protect the Shiites. Allied planes patrolled this area, and the allies placed a "no fly zone" for Iraq over Kurdish regions. In October, 1994, large numbers of Iraq troops moved to the Kuwaiti border again. The U.S. sent thousands of troops to this area, fearing another Iraqi attack. Finally in November of 1994, Hussein formally recognized the independence and boundaries of Kuwait. Hussein has been closely watched from 1996 until today. The Washington Post learned that an anti-Saddam operation by the CIA has cost $100 million dollars without reaching its goal of helping Iraqi resisters overthrow Saddam. The CIA reports that Iraqi armies are half as strong today as in 1991. Hussein is considered vulnerable but is still in control.

The world of second jobs for teachers

The world of second jobs for teachers Being a teacher is an important professional calling- but it’s no easy task. Some people look at the profession and imagine it’s an easy job, with summers off and plenty of free time in the afternoon once the students go home. However, those in the know regarding what it’s really like to be a teacher know that this generalization couldn’t be further from the truth. Being a teacher is as tough as it is important. Teachers often work long hours- with tremendous responsibilities that extend both in and out of the classroom- and are constantly dealing with an array of challenging student personalities, needs, and demands (not to mention the needs of the parents and their school administrators).Another key factor working against most teachers is compensation. The notion that teachers are overworked, underappreciated, and underpaid has become a professional clichà © of sorts in the United States, and has led to a growing phenomena among educators- getting a sec ond job to make ends meet. According to a recent Washington Post article, â€Å"Many teachers are paid so poorly, in fact, that they have to take second jobs to pay their bills. A study released earl`ier this year found that in 2015, the weekly wages of public school teachers in the United States were 17 percent lower than comparable college-educated professionals- and those most hurt were veteran teachers and male teachers.†The article points out that this unfortunate situation is not isolated to any specific teaching grade level or geographic region of the country: â€Å"Nationally the situation is bleak. While other professions have seen compensation growth, teachers’ salaries have stagnated for four decades. In fact, over the last decade in 30 of 50 states, teacher pay has actually not kept pace with the cost of living. Forty-seven states face teacher shortages, and there has been a 30 percent decrease in enrollment in teacher credentialing programs in recent year s.†Since the phenomena of teachers taking on second jobs doesn’t seem to be decreasing or ending any time soon, a good strategy for these intrepid educators is to leverage their professional experience, skillsets, and work schedules to their advantage. If you’re a teacher looking for additional employment, consider the following ideas to earn some extra money and help make ends meet.Freelance EditorMost teachers have a great eye and ear for the effective flow of ideas, proper word use, and grammar, and can often spot a mistake quickly- often the result of reviewing countless student essays and reports. That’s why seeking work as a freelance editor can be a rewarding and lucrative option for teachers.Freelance editors are typically well compensated (average hourly wages can range from $25–$40 per hour or more, depending on the project and your experience level), and opportunities are available in all genres, from nonfiction to fiction and more, so yo u can feasibly work on subject matter that naturally interests you. Also, depending on the project deadline you can carve out a schedule that works around your teaching chores and other life responsibilities, making this a potentially attractive option.TutoringGetting paid to tutor individuals outside of work seems like a natural fit for someone who’s already employed as a teacher- and if it’s in a subject that you’re well versed in, then you’ll have little or no prep involved to get started. Since tutors generally set their own hours and pay scales (often based on level of commitment and subject complexity), how much you make can entirely depend on you. Furthermore, you’ll have the flexibility to set your own hours and venue.Technical WriterDo you have a talent for clearly and easily explaining complicated or technical processes? If so, then consider looking for additional work as a technical writer. Technical writers create and review instruction manuals, journal articles, company documents, and how-to guides in an effort to make technical or scientific information easier to understand. This typically requires a background in science, technology, engineering, or computers, but the good news is that if you teach in this area, it may be a great choice for you for a second job.The pay is typically good (average hourly wages can range from $30-$50 per hour or more, depending on the project and your experience level). Plus, you can sometimes work on a per-project basis, allowing you to control how much additional work you take on, and work around your existing schedule.Childcare WorkerMost teachers have a background in and propensity for working with younger people, which may make employment as a childcare worker an easy transition for them. If you have a capacity for caring for children, then consider a second job as a childcare worker. You can often do this type of work with an agency or as a self-employed individual (meaning you can set your own fee scale and availability), and because peoples’ needs for childcare varies you can likely find work for whatever time of day makes sense for you.DriverAlthough this might not seem to be the most instinctual choice for a second job for teachers, take a moment to think about it. In the era of Uber, Lyft, and Seamless, the need for drivers and delivery people has never been greater, and you shouldn’t have a problem finding extra work. In addition, shifts are often available at night, early in the morning, or on weekends, which means you can pick up some extra pay without interrupting your teaching schedule. Also, after a tough, mentally taxing day of teaching, driving as a second job might be a nice change of pace.If you’re a teacher, you may not be looking forward to the idea of a second job, but it may be a necessity for you. If this is the case, you can make it easier on you by choosing your second job wisely. Use the information and ideas presented here to help you make the choice for a second job as easy as possible.

Seven learning styles and how to teach them

Seven learning styles and how to teach them Attention teachers- are you making the most of your time in the classroom? The truth is, if you’re applying a â€Å"one size fits all† approach to teaching then you’re probably not making the most effective use of your abilities. Today’s most effective teachers realize that their classrooms are actually microcosms of students with a range of learning styles- and each student has a specific way of absorbing and processing new information that they respond to best. It can be challenging, but teachers who make a real effort to reach each student by taking their individual learning style into account are best positioned to have a positive and lasting impact in their classrooms.In general, there are seven recognized learning styles- and a range of useful strategies for engaging learners who respond best to each. If you want to maximize learning in your classroom and help your students achieve their goals, consider devoting some time to figuring out which of the following learning styles works best for each and build a program that takes this important information into account.Visual/SpatialA visual learner responds well to seeing new concepts and ideas in visual form- things like charts, tables, figures, and diagrams that incorporate helpful colors and shapes- and learn best by seeing things laid out in front of them. Visual learners are typically observant, creative, and well-organized people who are focused and enjoy carefully laid out plans.If you’re eager to engage a visual learner, make sure your learning program incorporates helpful visual aids and cues and encourage students to use visual tools themselves during the learning process- including sketching out ideas and using note taking and drawing (think flowcharts and mind maps). Also, consider placing them at or near the front of your classroom and decorate your classroom with lots of visual aids.Solitary/IntrapersonalThese students typically straddle a range of learning st yles (including logical, physical, verbal, auditory, and visual learning). How can you spot this type of learner? These are typically private, independent, and introspective students who are driven by self-motivation and self-determination. They often seem like they’re well-suited for tasks like programming, coding, researching, and writing.The truth is, although it can be challenging to fully engage a solitary learner in a crowded classroom, do your best to guide them through the use of visual learning tools, books, designated quiet areas for self-study, and clearly defined sharing/solitary time in the classroom- it will be time well spent.VerbalIf you’re working with a verbal learner, don’t forget that words matter most to them- in all of their many written and spoken forms. These learners are typically intellectual and bookish sorts who show a clear preference for writing and reading, so incorporating things like text-based lessons, vocabulary and word activi ties, and poems are good ideas. It shouldn’t be a surprise that many of these learners wind up in careers involving law, journalism, politics, and writing and administration.If you’re working with a verbal learner be sure to have verbal and written discussions of new concepts and ideas. Take into account if they’re naturally introverted or extroverted- the more outgoing they are, the more they’ll benefit from presentations and interactive talking, while introverted verbal learners will likely respond well to things written down. Be sure to use this information to your teaching advantage.Physical/KinestheticThese energetic learners enjoy the â€Å"hands-on approach,† and enjoy physical and tactile activities to support their learning. They typically gravitate towards athletic pursuits. Look for ways to incorporate learning tools that engage their senses and include movement when possible. Role-playing tends to work particularly well with physical le arners- although this can be a challenge in a classroom full of students. If you can find a way to make use of these strategies you’ll tend to be more successful at engaging these learners.Logical/MathematicalThese data-driven, number-focused learners typically are logical and successful in the classroom and veer towards careers in research, science, accounting, and programming. They respond well to puzzles, brain teasers, and tasks involving pattern recognition, classification and grouping, statistics, and numerical and hierarchical information. Aim to incorporate these in your lesson plans whenever possible.Social/InterpersonalThese types of learners are typically easy to spot- they have a natural predilection for teamwork and interacting and collaborating with their classmates. Although social learners tend to be natural leaders, extroverts, and good communicators, this isn’t a hard a fast rule and can really vary. Another thing worth noting is that social learners can respond well to other learning styles, usually set in a collaborative/interpersonal backdrop. Try incorporating a variety of group activities within your lesson plans to benefit these learners.Auditory/MusicalThese learners tend to respond really well to audio-based lessons, cues, and stimuli. They often prefer to have things explained to them out loud, and really do well with activities that incorporate talking, audio recordings, and music. Your voice and the voices of others in the classroom are great tools when working with auditory learners. Although maintaining a quiet and orderly classroom can be important, your best bet when trying to engage these learners is to incorporate some well-placed sound into your lessons.If you’re looking to better engage your students and maximize learning in your classroom, consider factoring in the diverse learning styles covered here when developing your lesson plans.

Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Faith - Essay Example I have approaches few people that have products, discussed my plans with them, and I would be an agent and offer strategy and agreement between the product owners and the people that I direct to the websites. Commercial transactions would then follow and commission would be my income. Identifying and convincing product owners into the idea have been a challenge but I believe the idea will be successful because God has assured us of success. God’s words to Israelites that the Lord â€Å"gives you the ability to produce wealth† (Deuteronomy 8:18, p. 1) and that â€Å"thou mayest prosper and be in health† (3 John 1:12, p. 1) are the scriptures on which I stand. Failure to find product owners who liked my ideas and wanted to work with it and the fact that I have not yet implemented the ideas challenges my faith in God’s words and power but the scriptures strengthens me. I therefore believe that I shall overcome and attain my financial

Oslo Agreement of 1993 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Oslo Agreement of 1993 - Case Study Example The Arab-Israeli conflict has been a persistent source of tension for decades, for example, but it has taken on new dimensions in the aftermath of the failed Oslo process and the recent explosion of violence that shows no signs of abating. These traditional issues have been joined by several more recent problems that defy easy solutions. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) continue to spread throughout the region, despite international non-proliferation efforts. Terrorists recruited and trained in the Middle East are now carrying out attacks far beyond their own borders, creating strong global interests in countering the sources of this phenomenon (Litvak, 1993). The declaration of principles between Israel and the PLO was designed to undertake direct discussions leading to the establishment of Palestinian self-rule, beginning with Gaza and Jericho. These two agreements were assumed to be the result both of the domestic pressure faced by the new Israeli government caused by their perceived failure to move the process along as initially promised and of Arafat's perception that his lack of concrete gains was enhancing the strength of his opponents within the Palestinian movement (Meir, 1993). Thereafter, trusted emissaries of these two principals met in secret negotiations facilitated by the late Johan Holst, then Norway's foreign minister. The Washington ceremony which brought to the world's attention the initial results of this secret effort began an entirely new "third track" to the Arab- Israeli diplomatic process-direct negotiations between Israel and the PLO with a specified timetable leading towards an interim stage of Palestinian autonomy in Gaza and an area around Jericho but with a clear acknowledgement that further movement would then occur incrementally as negotiated. This was followed by the Cairo agreement of 13 February 1994 brokered by the strenuous efforts of Egyptian President Mubarak (Sayigh, 1999). These two diplomatic and political shocks, therefore, while clearly not bringing this subregion of the Middle East to a level of political recognition, economic and cultural interchange, or military stability that had existed in Europe in the early days of the CSCE, nevertheless had moved the process giant steps forward. Political risks associated with these two major moves obviously had been calculated as necessary given the potential outcome and, conversely, the costs of not trying. That is not to suggest that each party went into the process willingly. Future scholars likely will explore the issue of "coercive diplomacy" in this period. Rather, consciously and with purpose or not, as each of the parties entered into one or both of these processes, they endured varying degrees of risk. Each regime or leadership was exposed: the centrality which "the evilness of the Zionist entity" plays in the domestic as well as regional politics of most Arab and Islamic regimes; the profound and pervasive issue of long-term acceptance of Israel in the region, and the more immediate security concerns of facing 22 hostile Arab states and Iran,

Case Study On Aurobindo Pharma

Case Study On Aurobindo Pharma Global strategy for Indian pharmacy companies and the opportunity in emerging markets: A case study on Aurobindo Pharma Focus Aim: To understand the trends in Indian pharmacy companies which have been recently going global by investing abroad with an intention for market expansion? Objectives: To find out the strengths of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and analyse the pattern of Mergers and Acquisitions by various companies across the globe. To throw light on the strategies followed by Aurobindo Pharma in acquiring other pharma companies. Context The research includes strategy of the emerging pharmaceutical companies in India and understands the trends and process of the companies that have been going global to expand their market in the world-wide. Literature review: In pharmaceutical sector around the world, India ranks 4th in terms of volume and 13th in terms of value. In the year 2006 the value was USD 7.42 billion, the growth has been increased by 12.9% over the previous year. In this total sales 90% of the sales are accounted as generics and the remaining are patented drugs. Now a dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s governments of various countries, patients and industries are pulling attention towards generic drugs, due to lower in cost and less RD investment than compares to that of the patented drugs. In the year 2005 the generic market has been increased by 20% in the world which is four times that of the patented drugs and three times that of the pharmaceuticals market. US market alone had acquired 44% of the generic drugs (Pharmabiz, 2009). The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of generic drugs in Indian pharmaceuticals has been increased by 16.6% during the period of 2001-05. The expected CAGR during the period of 2009-14 would be 13.2% and appro ximately the total value may reach $15,490m in 2014 (Research and Markets, 2009). In the year 2009 in India there were more than 80 FDA approved plants, Italy (55) and China (27). The Indian pharmaceuticals companies like Cipla, Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lab; Wockhardt, Lupin and Nicholas Piramal are doing well in developed market such as US and Europe. These companies have exciting values in formulation, bulk drugs, generics, novel drug delivery system, new chemical entities, biotechnology etc (Research and Markets, 2007). 4.1 Indian pharmaceutical market structure: Source: Cygnus, 2007 According to Dr. Richard Gerster, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Indian  pharmaceutical industry is a success story providing employment for millions and ensuring that essential drugs at affordable prices are available to the vast population of this sub-continent.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The Indian pharmaceuticals ranks very high in terms of quality, technology and the range of medicines manufactured. Indian pharmaceuticals market will grow 10-14%, to touch $40 billion by 2015 (Mckinsey, 2009). India has a powerful biotechnology that can overthrow by the revolution of agriculture, healthcare, industrial processing and environmental sustainability. In India there are 100 research laboratories and more than 400 educational and training institutes across the country (Pharma India, 2005). Major companies in India 2006 Source: company annual report FY 2006-07, *annual report 2006 December ending. In the above figure y-axis indicates to turnover (Rs.bn) Indian pharmaceuticals is divided into two benefits, one is strong domestic consumption growth and robust export opportunities (Indus view, 2009). 4.2 Mergers and acquisitions of Indian pharmaceutical companies The major reason for acquisitions is to attaining access to new technologies, clinical research, catapulting the market share and platform for improving custom synthesis and working with new clients. The major companies acquiring acquisitions in India are Ranbaxy, Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Dishman and Wockhardt. In generics Acquirer Target Value USD million Date Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Beta pharm (Germany) 574 Feb-06 Ranbaxy Terapia (Romania) 324 Mar-06 Ranbaxy Ethimed NV (Spain) Mar-06 Ranbaxy Allen spa (Italy ) Mar-06 Aurobindo Milpharma (UK) 13 Feb-06 Jubilant organosys Target research association (US) 34 Oct-05 In branded formulation Sun pharma Able laboratories (US) 24 Dec-05 Valeant pharma (2 facilities) (Hungary, US) 10 Aug05 Active pharmaceuticals ingredients (API) Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rocheà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s API business (Mexico) 59 Nov-05 Matrix Docpharma (Belgium) 263 Jun-05 Over the last decade the outsourcing has become the important part for the pharmaceutical companies. The main reason for the outsourcing is rising pressure to reduce costs, and time-to-market, this leads to the increasing the technical demanding areas such as drug discovery and biotech RD. Outsourcing opportunities has been rapidly growing in the market like Eastern Europe, China, India. Indian pharmaceutical industries are putting effort on the development of the product for global generic market and this will be visible with the DMF filing at the US FDA (DMFs are generic dossiers filed with the FDA in order to allow the API to appear in marketed drugs). 30% of the DMF filings at US FDA are filed by Indian companies. Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, aurobindo, cipla, Ranbaxy, matrix and lupin are the leading Indian companies of DMFs filed in US. From the sources of US and European countries they made research on Indian based pharmaceuticals companies regarding merging and acquisitions and they were pleased to announce some name to the Indian companies and decided to name as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Indian Pharmaceutical MNCà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Mainly US and European countries have focused on Indian due to the vast change in research work done and the main plus points for them were the laws of Indian government have changed drastically like providing new opportunities to launch patented molecules this point made them interest in investing Indian pharmaceuticals, and likewise India pharma is becoming strong manufacturing stand and with low-cost development, manufacturing destination. Source: Shivani Shukla, 2006. The global has been rapidly changing into the generic market; here are some companies that have been invested, acquired and deals in 2008-09. Green cross Pharma in Singapore was acquired by Ascent; Pfizer plant in Ireland was acquired by Hovione, PharmaPro manufacturing facility was acquired by URL Pharma, ECR pharmaceuticals was acquired by HI-Tech pharmacal.   Source: Research and Markets, 2009. Indian pharmaceutical market in U.S., has been continuously increasing, a $440 billion market appoints 47% of the global pharmaceutical market. In February 2009, Indian pharmaceutical companies including large and mid-sized all together have assured approvals for 15 Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) (Indus view, 2009). Strategies: In order to expand their market some companies have entered into foreign markets in generic drugs segment. Some companies have entered directly by setting their own sales and marketing organisation, either in organic manner or through acquisitions and others have entered these market through partnership or merging with well established companies. Ranbaxy acquired Ohm Laboratories in US in 1995, Jubilant Organosys acquired Cadista pharmaceuticals (formerly Trigen Laboratories) an US generic company in 2005. Aurobindo Pharma gained an FDA-compliment formulations manufacturing plant in Dayton, New Jersey in 2006, in the same year the company acquired Milpharm LTD in UK. Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s approved as a MHRA manufacturing facilities in UK. Wockhardt has a manufacturing facility in UK, Ireland and France (espicom, 2009). Aurobindo Pharma: Aurobindo was founded in the year 1986, by Mr P.V. Ramaprasad reddy, Mr. K. Nithyananda reddy and some highly committed group professionals. Aurobindo pharma launches Asiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest formulation facility in India in 2009. Vision of the company is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“To become Asias leading and one among the top 15 generic Pharma companies in the world, by 2015 (aurobindo, 2009). RD of the company lies in developing intellectual property in non-infringing processes and resolving complex chemistry challenges. Aurobindo pharma expects to reach $2 billion by the end of the year 2013, the company licensing deal with Pfizer to sell generics drugs in more than 70 emerging companies and developing market in India (Fierce pharma, 2009). Aurobindo pharma is the first company that makes acquisition in Europe acquires Milpharm in UK in 2006, on agreement with the U.K. Whyte group LTD and Iracot LTD. This acquisition makes the company to gain immediate access to European markets. This company is profit making company in generic; it takes ownership over hundred Marketing Authorizations (MAs) Medicines, and Health care products Regulatory Agency, UK (UK MHRA). Milpharm records  £7.7 million in 12 months of period ended 30th September 2005 (Aurobindo, 2006). Source: THE HINDU, journal, 2006 Source: PR Domain News Release, 2006 The above pie chart indicates that Aurobindo pharma exports break-up in the year 2006 Research methodology à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ the term fundamentally means expedition for information or data collection. It certainly means to accumulate the information regarding certain queries and to build up a convinced scheme for that question. If there is no such a word like research all the scientific and social projects could be resulted in guess work and inexact data.   The descriptive or relative, qualitative research work is typically probing, in concern it can either contain some or all the criterion mentioned below. (Miles, 1994) Extremely intensified and drawn out contact in the field. Designed to attain a holistic or complete picture. Little consistent instrumentation is used. Most analysis is done with words. Take into account the experiences, opinions and feelings of the participants. The research strategies generally used are the chosen case study and the grounded theory. 5.1 Research paradigm A research paradigm is expanded to the critical thinking of the students that may help the students to gain a clear view about the research with the different examples. Positivist paradigm is based on the philosophical idea which explores the social reality. Positivism paradigm has been influencing the educational research for a long time, later half twentieth it is criticized due to the lack in subjective states of individual. 5.2 Research approach There are four different types of research approaches, they are specification of a theory, design based on the theory, implementation, and evaluation. This research includes deductive and inductive quantitative comes under deductive and qualitative comes under inductive. Quantitative method mainly includes objectively, caution and types of questions in this are pre-specified and outcome oriented. Qualitative mainly includes subjectively, meaning of the report. Types of questions are open-ended and process oriented. 5.3 Research method The research study is basically to understand the impact of pharmaceutical industries that have been going global to increase their market. Thus, given the research aim and objectives of the study, methodology that is employed for this study is basically to desk study rather going for primary survey method. The Aurobindo Pharma chosen for the case study is taken into account with a view point and to review how the company acquired and merged with other companies. 5.4 Sampling procedure A sample is a finite part of statistical population, whose properties are studied to gain the information of the whole (Webster, 1985). When it comes in case of dealing with people, it can be defined as a set of respondents picked out from a larger group for the reason of survey. So as a part of sampling technique the questionnaire is to be conducted between a selected group of actual client and non client households during the course of the survey. 5.5 Method of data Analysis The published data collected on the pharmaceutical industry will be analysed with the help of diagrams, graphs and pie charts and draw conclusions based on the results obtained. Saunders et al (2003) claims that there is no standard models to analyzing qualitative data but discuss one technique where the data are disaggregated into meaningful categories that are subsequently rearranged and analyzed for related data and key themes. Data collection Secondary data collection The data is mostly collected from the secondary form of publications like articles, Indus view, InPharma publishers, Cygnus business consulting and research, Pharmaceutical journal newspapers, Pharmabiz, market and research. Primary data collection Primary data is the collection of ideas all the way through the chain of various semi-structured consultations conducted by the researcher. This data can be collected by conducting interviews and by daily written record of experiences and observations. The research includes questionnaire, case Ethical consideration Time plan Activity July August September Week Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1.Holiday 2. Read Literature 3.Finalise Objectives 4. Draft Literature Review 5. Read Methodology Literature 6. Devise Research Approach 7. Draft Research Strategy and Method 8. Develop Questionnaire 9. Pilot Test and Revise Questionnaire 10. Administer Questionnaire 11. Enter Data into Computer 12. Analyse Data 13. Update literature read 14. Complete remaining chapters 15. Submit to tutor and await feedback 16.Print, bind 17. Submit

Indian Tobacco Company

ITC is one of India's foremost private sector companies with a market capitalisation of nearly US $ 18 billion and a turnover of over US $ 5. 1 Billion. ITC is rated among the World's Best Big Companies, Asia's ‘Fab 50†² and the World's Most Reputable Companies by Forbes magazine, among India's Most Respected Companies by BusinessWorld and among India's Most Valuable Companies by Business Today. ITC ranks among India's `10 Most Valuable (Company) Brands', in a study conducted by Brand Finance and published by the Economic Times.ITC also ranks among Asia's 50 best performing companies compiled by Business Week. ITC has a diversified presence in Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards ; Specialty Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business, Packaged Foods ; Confectionery, Information Technology, Branded Apparel, Personal Care, Stationery, Safety Matches and other FMCG products. While ITC is an outstanding market leader in its traditional businesses of Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging and Agri-Exports, it is rapidly gaining market share even in its nascent businesses of Packaged Foods ; Confectionery, Branded Apparel, Personal Care and Stationery.As one of India's most valuable and respected corporations, ITC is widely perceived to be dedicatedly nation-oriented. Chairman Y C Deveshwar calls this source of inspiration â€Å"a commitment beyond the market†. In his own words: â€Å"ITC believes that its aspiration to create enduring value for the nation provides the motive force to sustain growing shareholder value. ITC practices this philosophy by not only driving each of its businesses towards international competitiveness but by also consciously contributing to enhancing the competitiveness of the larger value chain of which it is a part. ITC's diversified status originates from its corporate strategy aimed at creating multiple drivers of growth anchored on its time-tested core competencies: unmatched distribution reach, superior brand-building capabili ties, effective supply chain management and acknowledged service skills in hoteliering. Over time, the strategic forays into new businesses are expected to garner a significant share of these emerging high-growth markets in India ITC's Agri-Business is one of India's largest exporters of agricultural products.ITC is one of the country's biggest foreign exchange earners (US $ 3. 2 billion in the last decade). The Company's ‘e-Choupal' initiative is enabling Indian agriculture significantly enhance its competitiveness by empowering Indian farmers through the power of the Internet. This transformational strategy, which has already become the subject matter of a case study at Harvard Business School, is expected to progressively create for ITC a huge rural distribution infrastructure, significantly enhancing the Company's marketing reach.ITC's wholly owned Information Technology subsidiary, ITC Infotech India Limited, is aggressively pursuing emerging opportunities in providing en d-to-end IT solutions, including e-enabled services and business process outsourcing. ITC's production facilities and hotels have won numerous national and international awards for quality, productivity, safety and environment management systems. ITC was the first company in India to voluntarily seek a corporate governance rating.ITC employs over 24,000 people at more than 60 locations across India. The Company continuously endeavors to enhance its wealth generating capabilities in a globalising environment to consistently reward more than 3,77,000 shareholders, fulfill the aspirations of its stakeholders and meet societal expectations. This over-arching vision of the company is expressively captured in its corporate positioning statement: â€Å"Enduring Value. For the nation. For the Shareholder. † | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[ pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | Competitors ITC competitors are primarily in the Tobacco industry. ITC also competes in the Apparel, Office, School, & Art Supplies, and Crop Production sectors. ITC competitive landscape includes: †¢ Hindustan Unilever †¢ Reliance Industries †¢ Tata Group ITC Company DescriptionITC walks with the other giants of the Indian business world — Tata and Reliance. Primarily, the company makes cigarettes and tobacco, as well as papers and packaging. It also runs hotels, manages lines of branded apparel and prepackaged food, and exports agricultural commodities (including rice, wheat, and lentils). ITC is India's second-largest exporter of agri-products. The group's major brands include India Kings, Insignia, Navy Cut, Scissors, and Gold Flake (cigarettes); Wills Sport and John Players (clothing); Kitchens of India and Aashirvaad (prepackaged food); and Exp ressions (greeting cards). It is also parent to one of India's leading technology companies, ITC InfoTech.ITC pays constant attention to its employees by means of minimum wage raising programs, and providing healthcare through the application of preventive measures, periodical examinations for various diseases, and the necessary treatment at all times. It also provides a distinguished health insurance program for the employees and their families, which covers many diseases that aren't covered by other programs. It offers healthy daily meals for the employees, along with comfortable and safe transportation means from and to the company. In this decade, the company launched a series of educational programs for its employees' children with both public schools and universities education. The company took on the responsibility of paying all the expenses needed in as part of a motivational educational support policy for distinguished students [pic] | |[pic] | | | Sunfeast In 2003, ITC for ayed into the Biscuits market with the Sunfeast range of Glucose, Marie and Cream Biscuits. Sunfeast’s brand essence, â€Å"Spread the Smile† connotes happiness, contentment, satisfaction and pleasure. The mascot Sunny reinforces the emotional aspects of the brand. Sunfeast immediately established itself as a provider of innovative and distinctive products – Sunfeast Marie was launched in an innovative orange flavour and the ‘Sunfeast Dream Cream' range includes new flavours as well as flavour enhancers. The Sunfeast Dream Cream range is currently available in 8 variants.The Company has also introduced ‘Sunfeast Dark Fantasy', a dark chocolate and vanilla cream offering for the premium segment in select markets. Riding on the success of its initial offerings, ITC also entered the milk biscuit category with Sunfeast Milky Magic biscuits in the general milk and milk cream categories. Apart from milk which helps mental growth, these biscuits also contai n the finest quality wheat aiding physical growth. Both cream and milk biscuits have received enthusiastic response from consumers. In the last few years the Sunfeast biscuits portfolio has been enhanced to include salted crackers and cookies. The ‘Sunfeast Snacky' salted crackers are available in 2 unique variants viz. Chilli Flakes and Classic Salted. Sunfeast's cookie offering, ‘Sunfeast Special' biscuits are also available in select markets.The Sunfeast Special range currently includes cookies in three variants – Butter, Cashew and crunchy Coconut, as well as cream biscuits in two variants – Choco and Orange. The recently launched Sunfeast Golden Bakery offers the freshly baked taste of cookies in 3 variants – Choco-nut, Butter-nut and Butter scotch. The brand has also launched Sunfeast Nice, a tasty and delightful offering of crispy, sugar sprinkled biscuits. The Sunfeast product portfolio has been further expanded to include healthy snacking op tions as well. Sunfeast Pasta Treat', a whole wheat based instant pasta was introduced as a healthy snacking option for children. After the tremendous success of the 4 initial flavours the instant Pasta range has been extended with two new exciting flavours – Pizza and Chicken. The pasta segment was further expanded with the launch of ‘Sunfeast Benne Vita' in 4 innovative variants. This range has been enhanced recently with the launch of Sunfeast Benne Vita Flax Seed biscuits that reflect the brand essence of Benne Vita, which in Italian stands for ‘Good Life’. The flax seed content in these protein and mineral enriched biscuits is a rich vegetarian source of Omega III acids.With continued focus on health and nutrition, Sunfeast extended the biscuits portfolio to the nutritional segment with the launch Sunfeast Sachin's Fit Kit – a range of healthy products co-created with Sachin Tendulkar. It is for the first time in India that an icon of the statur e of Sachin Tendulkar has been actively involved in the product development process as co-creator of the Sunfeast Sachin's Fit Kit range. It is the shared vision of Sunfeast as well as Sachin Tendulkar that products under the Sachin's Fit Kit range will enable create â€Å"Champions of Tomorrow†. The launch range comprises two offerings – Sunfeast Sachin's Vitamin and Protein enriched biscuits and Sunfeast Sachin's Multigrain biscuits.