tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26939242564804356732024-03-13T06:30:04.620-07:00How to write a mla research paperOpen Paper Topics For Statutory Rape Lawsjeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-83834903346864749642020-08-24T23:12:00.001-07:002020-08-24T23:12:06.643-07:00Imagine by John Lennon Analysis free essay sampleJohn Lennon is one of my main tunes since it is so quiet and brimming with life, love, positive emotions and bliss. Before breaking down Johnââ¬â¢s work, Iââ¬â¢d like to remark on the modern organizing of this piece. Every one of the three sections starts with Imagine and replies with a sympathetic remark. Also, each section is more testing than the one preceding. Along these lines, we have: 1. Envision theres no Heaven Its simple on the off chance that you attempt 2. Envision theres no nations Its not all that difficult to do 3. Envision no ownership I wonder in the event that you can This expansion of difficulties that shapes the opening of each section is replied by a comparable arrangement of three imaginings to close each refrain. This time, we have: Imagine all the individuals 1. living for now 2. living in harmony 3. sharing all the world Now, to investigate this splendid bit of verse. In the primary lines: ââ¬Å"Imagine thereââ¬â¢s no paradise/Itââ¬â¢s simple in the event that you tryâ⬠John Lennon is attempting to actualize the picture of that there is nothing past death into our psyches. We will compose a custom exposition test on Envision by John Lennon Analysis or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page For instance, imagine a scenario in which the main life you had was on Earth. Okay take care of business in an unexpected way? The following not many lines: ââ¬Å"No damnation beneath us/Above us just skyâ⬠connote consider the possibility that there was no terrible spot to spend time everlasting in; in the event that you wound up not going anyplace after death also. On the off chance that there was not a heck, okay really dread anything? There is not all that much or now and again difficult to put stock in. It is simply truth that you will get old, bite the dust and never need to stress over what occurs after you kick the bucket. At that point comes the line: ââ¬Å"Imagine all the individuals living for todayâ⬠implies that imagine a scenario in which individuals didn't procrastinate on significant things for tomorrow. For me, this first section is somewhat questionable in light of the fact that everybody needs to ââ¬Å"live foreverâ⬠as it were. In the second refrain it begins with: ââ¬Å"Imagine thereââ¬â¢s no nations/It isnââ¬â¢t hard to doâ⬠clarifies a ton about the trouble our reality has experienced since the time nations were built up and taken over with governments. Lennon was as it were, energetic with this line since he needed we all to acknowledge how much issue comes out of insatiable nations against other covetous nations. Many individuals would imagine that nations are important to safeguard harmony and for mankind to exist in. However, in saying this, when Adam and Eve existed would they say they were constrained by government? No, they were constrained by God and his decision. ââ¬Å"Nothing to execute or pass on for/And no religion tooâ⬠are a method of saying, if there was nothing to placed our confidence in, would we need to put our confidence exclusively in one another? â⬠Lennon realized that war and viciousness come out of numerous strict contrasts. All religions share at any rate one thing for all intents and purpose, individuals loving. Consider the possibility that no body must be in the war. Or on the other hand needed to be in the war? Envision all the lives that would be back on earth. What's more, the last line of the second refrain ââ¬Å"Imagine all the individuals living in peaceâ⬠which is really clear as crystal. In the event that the people of today would simply acknowledge each otherââ¬â¢s contrasts, we may really have a steady world for once. Beginning the section with ââ¬Å"You, you may state Iââ¬â¢m a visionary/yet Iââ¬â¢m not by any means the only oneâ⬠implies that Lennon was by all account not the only individual who concocted every one of these things. I accept he needs individuals to realize that there are individuals out there that think about very similar things he does. He wouldn't like to assume all the praise for the mind blowing contemplations that he thought. In the lines ââ¬Å"I trust sometime youââ¬â¢ll go along with us/And the world will live as oneâ⬠is a representation for he trusts you need very similar things he does. At that point, the world will be on a decent track. In the third section ââ¬Å"Imagine no assets/I wonder in the event that you canâ⬠clearly implies that if no body possessed anything, there would not be eagerness and appetite. Individuals could share the earth and everybody would have an even measure of everything. It is regularly difficult to IMAGINE no existence without PCs, books, gadgets, garments, and so forth. The following lines go together: ââ¬Å"No requirement for ravenousness or yearning/A fellowship of manâ⬠obliges the line above significance there would not be world appetite. Every individual would treat the other like they were family or a closest companion. What's more, the last line of the stanza goes ââ¬Å"Imagine all the individuals sharing all the worldâ⬠which essentially implies the world is our own to have. Notice the word our own. That doesnââ¬â¢t mean I should guarantee land and not let anyone however myself, onto it. This tune, essentially, is telling how things are, right now, yet how they dont must be like this on the off chance that we as a whole met up as one, seeking after something very similar, a superior world, so as one the world will be as one. jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-49915958680372968022020-08-22T02:27:00.001-07:002020-08-22T02:27:22.923-07:00Unhealthy Accounting at HealthSouth free essay sample1. What are a few warnings that EY either was or ought to have known about in the review of HealthSouth? Generally speaking, there were three ââ¬Å"red flagsâ⬠EY didn't know about during the review. To start with, they ignored the 500% net gain increment from 1999-2001. This ought to have brought issues to light since incomes just expanded by 5% during that equivalent period. Second, the inside inspectors were prevented access to some from claiming the corporate records. EY ought to have considered this to be being one of the biggest warnings. Third, the review group neglected to appropriately research representative objections. 2. What methods would auditors be able to perform to identify false sections made during the solidification procedure? More often than not, fake action is found accidentally. It isn't the auditorââ¬â¢s obligation to identify extortion, in spite of the fact that they should evaluate inside systems to set up in the event that they are lined up with the companyââ¬â¢s objectives and necessities. We will compose a custom paper test on Unfortunate Accounting at HealthSouth or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Precaution measures for recognizing misrepresentation during the combination procedure are applying ratiosââ¬â¢ investigations, confirmation of an example of exchanges following unordinary and unjustified passages near year-end, talking with the board, and breaking down ââ¬Å"beyond the numbersâ⬠through explanatory systems. 3. By what method would auditors be able to decide a companyââ¬â¢s genuine ââ¬Å"tone at the top? â⬠Auditors could decide a companyââ¬â¢s genuine ââ¬Å"tone at the topâ⬠by performing, what a few experts would call, a ââ¬Å"cultural review. â⬠This would involve performing nearby perceptions of each degree of the board. A few inquiries that could be talked about are as per the following: What is the level of distraction with meeting analystsââ¬â¢ desires inside the association? Are the shareholdersââ¬â¢ and managersââ¬â¢ thoughts and objectives equal? An inspector could likewise check the dread and weight related with meeting numerical objectives and targets. On the off chance that there is dread inside the work environment, at that point lower level representatives will be simpler to control. Another significant factor to research while deciding a companyââ¬â¢s moral culture is the remuneration and motivating force plans for representatives. These plans can change an employeeââ¬â¢s understanding of good and bad, in this manner causing deceitful movement. 4. What is the proper reaction by evaluators to data from ââ¬Å"disgruntledâ⬠workers? Contingent upon the seriousness of the extortion, the proper reaction can be unique in relation to firm to firm. A decent method to distinguish extortion is tune in to data gave by a disappointed representative. This remains constant except if the representative was disappointed before the misrepresentation happened. The data will presumably be bogus and misdirecting on the grounds that the worker has held ill will for some time. In any case, you should pay attention to the data when it is first introduced to you. 5. HealthSouth has sued EY, and EY is the objective of a government protections class activity suit. What are EYââ¬â¢s likely safeguards against HealthSouth? Against the class activity suit? One of the fundamental safeguards EY took during the beginning times of the HealthSouth suit was the way that the SEC had no all around characterized rules with respect to review related practices. Another safeguard was the minor truth that EY never confronted a criminal prosecution for the HealthSouth misrepresentation. This was chiefly because of the legal time limit set on protections extortion. It sets it at the prior of (a) 2 years after the disclosure of the realities comprising the infringement or (2) 5 years after such infringement. In this manner, the DOJ couldn't document criminal allegations against the firm in light of the fact that the accomplice on the review (G. Marcus Neas) was ââ¬Å"unawareâ⬠of the extortion in 1993. 6. HealthSouth covered the misrepresentation by keeping the deceitful exchanges underneath $5,000. What proposal would you need to EY to improve its examining rehearses? Albeit many, little exchanges are neglected because of cutoff points set by evaluators, EY must inspect their materiality confines so as to more noteworthy watch potential dangers. Albeit numerous organizations wonââ¬â¢t go beneath a $5,000 limit, EY could have profited by conceivably looking at a portion of the lower adds up to check whether there are any misquotes. jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-76547658741567898922020-07-25T14:35:00.001-07:002020-07-25T14:35:02.992-07:00Writing a Research Statement Useful TipsWriting a Research Statement Useful Tips Writing a Good Research Statement The research statement is sometimes called the research interest statement. It is a common component of the job application process when you apply for any academic position. Less frequently it may be required when you apply to a graduate school. Your research personal statement should present a summary of your research achievements, give account of your current work, and show future direction and your work potential. Your statement of research interests should include a proposal for future academic research and demonstrate how it corresponds to your current expertise and accomplishments. This important document forms a basis for further discussions and determines how successful your presentation will be if you are invited for a job interview. When writing a research statement, you should tailor it to a certain academic position that you apply for. Thatâs why you should make sure that the research you are proposing fits well with the goals, facilities, and need of the employing department. This is how you can do that. When writing about your previous research experience, you should consider structuring it by project, and tailor it to your proposed research in achievements goals relevant techniques your responsibilities Before writing a research proposal, if possible, you can discuss your ideas with the people working in the department youâre applying to. Your potential future colleagues are likely to appreciate being asked and may provide you with some useful information that may help you in writing a strong research statement and will increase your chances for an interview. Besides, when you get to know them, your application process will seem less daunting to you. In your statement, you can also discuss some specific questions such as funding history and potential funding sources potential industrial and research collaborations requirements for laboratory equipment and other resources how the proposed research can contribute to your field future direction of your proposed research Now that you know what a good research statement is, letâs discuss how to write a research statement. Here are some useful tips. You statement should present your research problem, explain why it is important and describe the specific skills that you use to investigate the problem. To build credibility, you should give a few examples of specific problems that you have already successfully solved. Provide a short summary of your research and include preliminary research results. Describe your future research goals and plans for the next 3-5 years. Identify potential external funding sources for your research. Include a section where you discuss the future direction of your research. Make this part of your statement compelling and exciting to people not only in your field but also outside it. Make sure that the final paragraph gives a strong overall impression of your proposed research. Your statement should be technical but you should avoid jargon to make it intelligible to people outside your field. Your statement should be written clearly and concisely so try to keep it on a summary level. You will be able to give more details during interview. Ask other people to proofread it to make sure there are no typos and spelling errors. Format your research statement in a way that encourages other people to read it so make it not more than 3 pages long, use informative headings and subheadings, and bullet points. Select an overarching research problem for your statement but be realistic. Prepare a longer version of your statement (5-15 pages) that you can bring to your interview and include details about your laboratory needs. Be ready to discuss your research plans and budget in detail during the campus interview. Writing a Purpose Statement for Research A purpose statement is usually included in the introduction and summarizes a certain topic and the specific goals of the study. An effective purpose statement for a research is important because it lays the foundation for a study and tells the potential reader what to expect from the rest of the research. Writing an effective purpose statement might be as challenging as writing a thesis statement for a research paper. It should start with the phrase âthe purpose of this researchâ and be concise â" written in one or two sentences specific and precise â" not broad or general goal-oriented â" stating desired outcomes clear â" not vague or confusing Writing a strong research statement is very important for your career and itâs not easy if you have never done it before â" there are so many important issues you should consider to make your statement successful. A good idea is to find sample research statements for your specific discipline on the internet. But the best option is to hire a professional writer with real writing and lecturing experience on our custom writing service who will provide you with perfect sample statement of research interests that is sure to impress the search committee. We have a large staff of experienced writers who can help students with any academic writing problems. You can get qualified assistance with writing your research project or any part of it, for example, you can get professional help with writing a thesis statement for a research paper or impressive conclusion. Our expert writers can cope with any unusual topic and craft a model paper that will be strong in content and style. jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-62199198614528844652020-05-22T08:42:00.001-07:002020-05-22T08:42:04.211-07:00Alam Realty, A Multi Faceted Real Estate Company - 1738 Words Alam Realty Introduction Alam Realty is a multi-faceted real estate company that conducts business in residential, commercial and land sales throughout Southern California. Alam Realty was founded May 1st 2012 by Mohammad Alam. Mr. Alam has been a real estate agent for over fifteen years and he obtained his real estate brokers license November 2011. Alam Realtyââ¬â¢s sole location is in Hesperia, California and currently has thirty-five real estate agents and five full-time office workers. Alam Realtyââ¬â¢s mission statement is ââ¬Å"To provide superior communication, personalized and quality customer service to each individual clientâ⬠(M. Alam, personal communication, January 17, 2017). Communication is a key selling point for the commercial andâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The survey consisted of simple questions and the sales team completed the survey in approximately fifteen minutes. The sales agents were happy and willing to complete the survey, some of the team m embers commented that they were excited about the possibility of a nonverbal communication seminar. Based on my findings, the sales agents from Alam Realty have a limited, basic understanding of what nonverbal communication is, however, they are not utilizing body language cues from their clients, which can be detrimental to a sales force. In addition, the employees, according to the needs assessment results, do not seem aware of their own body language, posture or proxemics to their clients. In my analysis, the sales agents at Alam Realty would benefit from this nonverbal communications training program. Skills and Methods After a full analysis of the Needs Assessment I have determined the sales agents at Alam Realty are lacking in nonverbal communication skills. Considering the results of the assessment, I will focus the training seminar on the skills needed to use nonverbal communication in a productive way. According to Rush (2017), nonverbal jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-46853353104471852032020-05-08T10:29:00.001-07:002020-05-08T10:29:03.289-07:00Life in the 1960s was Better than Life Today Essay Life in the 1960s was both better for the people and significantly different to life today. When comparing the 1960s and today, there are many significant differences. The 1960s held events that were unique to that era, such as the Vietnam War and the landing on the moon, and today we are trying to find ways to advance technology further. The two eras also had different lifestyles, clothing, technology and pass-times. Life in the 1960s was better than the life today because the world hadn?t yet advanced too far, and life was revolved more around friends and family then other things. Events in the 1960s changed the people of that era. People who did adventurous things such as Neil Armstrong walking on the moon and those men whoâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Although these events are important, they have not given as much positive influence on the people of New Zealand as the events of the 1960s. There are many differences between the lifestyle of today and the lifestyle of the 1960s. Back in the 1960s, people had a lot of fun after the war. They wore fluorescent coloured clothing, listened to good music, took time to do things, ate healthier, protested for world peace and overall enjoyed themselves. In the 1960s, it is true that there was a lot of drug activity, but it was the people?s choice whether or not they wanted to experiment with drugs, so this was only a problem for those who chose to. Today, life is nowhere near as fun and carefree. Families have to work long hours to get enough money to live and put food on the table, life has become more busy and fast-paced, more fast food is available, children are ungrateful and starting to disrespect their parents more, the celebrities that children look up to set bad examples, the media is taking control, the music has no soul, people care more about how they look, and children spend more time with machines then with their fa milies. The comparison between these lifestyles clearly points to the 1960s being the better era. In the 1960s, children did not have a lot of technology, so their lives were more simplistic. TheShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of 60 s Music Tells The Story Of The Secret Life Of Bees1085 Words à |à 5 Pages60ââ¬â¢s Music Playlist This playlist of 1960ââ¬â¢s music tells the story of The Secret Life of Bees in chronological order. Several of the songs incorporated in the playlist are applicable to different events or characters in the story, as many of the events portrayed in it, such as running away, close relationships, and love have connections to multiple characters. This playlist will take you through a series of deep thought, emotion, and different connections to not only The Secret Life of Bees, but toRead MoreThe, Last Man Out1177 Words à |à 5 Pagesin, last man out. A limp follows his every step telling the story of a body that has long seen its best days. He has White hair, wrinkles, and round glasses, that allow him to look cartoonish, if you didnââ¬â¢t know him better. He stands tall and proud, working as hard if not harder than any young man in the company. At 66 years old, Julian still feels strong and willful enough to manage a crew of 6 in Atlas refinery, where heââ¬â¢s worked for ov er 30 years and can be contributed for a lot of the companyââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Civil Rights Activist Malcolm X1631 Words à |à 7 Pagesit todayâ⬠said Malcolm X (ââ¬Å"1960ââ¬â¢s). To fully understand what Malcolm X was trying to say, one would have to understand what ââ¬Å"futureâ⬠really means. Future: the time or a period of time following the moment of speaking or writing; time regarded as still to come (Merriam). An interpretation of this is that one should prepare for the future, so that when the future becomes the present, a person knows she or he did everything thing he could have to make today better than yesterday. The future was alwaysRead MorePostwar Essay1315 Words à |à 6 PagesPostwar In the 1950s the number of people living in the suburbs came to actually equal the number of people living in cities. This wave of people was due mainly to the availability of affordable housing; which allowed middle-class Americans to move to an area previously inhabited only by the wealthy. The houses and neighborhoods built in mass numbers on assembly lines came to look identical to each other. As a result of this, a model American life was created. People all around theRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination in America Today Essay1663 Words à |à 7 Pagesprofessionals in all arenas of work has risen to the point where seeing a black physician, attorney, or a college professor are becoming more a common sight. More and more black people are holding positions of respect and authority throughout America today, such as Barack Obama, Colin Powell, Condelezza Rice and many other prominent black executives. As a result of their apparent success, these black people are seen as ro le models for many Americans, despite their race. However, these groups of blackRead MoreThe 1950s and 1960s: A Time of Great Changes Shaping the America We Have Today1006 Words à |à 5 PagesWhen most people think of the 1950ââ¬â¢s or 1960ââ¬â¢s, they think of Elvis, Greasers, jukeboxes, Woodstock, and rainbow peace signs and hippie love. Although these symbols are somewhat accurate (and very popular), not many people think about the changes society and culture went through. The 1950ââ¬â¢s and 60ââ¬â¢s were a time of great change and freedom for many Americans. Everything from World War II, to the gay liberation movement, to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped to change society. Many of the viewsRead MoreEvents from the 1960s1526 Words à |à 7 PagesThe 1960s is a decade filled with a series of remarkable and significant events that still resonate today. From the charismatic John F. 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This decade is what showed the world that weRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement, Woodstock, Vietnam War, And South Africa853 Words à |à 4 PagesWho knew how powerful the 1960ââ¬â¢s would be? You had the civil rights movement, Woodstock, Vietnam War, and an explosion in rock and roll, as well as soul? Exactly, and thatââ¬â¢s just in America. In Africa, countries were gaining freedom and independence. By 1980 the British, French, Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch were being conquered and most of Africa had claimed independence a s countries, all the while apartheid was still going on. Even with the riots between warring states, werenââ¬â¢t enoughRead MoreBarack Obamas Success Essay1011 Words à |à 5 Pagesachieve this success? Certainly, a major factor of his success today is the dramatic change in racial viewpoints since Barackââ¬â¢s birth in the early 1960ââ¬â¢s. However, in order for him to have risen to this stature, we have to look at the factors surrounding his youth, which paved the path to his success today. There are three major contributing factors, which lead to Barack as a successful person, environment, education and family. Barack was born in 1961, during a decade of tremendous racial turmoil jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-62911457552146851042020-05-06T09:37:00.001-07:002020-05-06T09:37:04.295-07:00High School Reflective Essay Free Essays First Time Stepping out under the bright lights, Crowd roaring with cheer and shouting our names. The feel of adrenaline going through my body is almost ecstasy like. Knowing that this doesnââ¬â¢t represent you, itââ¬â¢s for your school and even more your community. We will write a custom essay sample on High School Reflective Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the kind of things that were going through my mind when I first stepped out onto the field as a Varsity Football Player. All the years of playing the game since I was a little kid had paid off, and now it would be time for the big show and the highlights of my career. All the hills and the Two-Twentyââ¬â¢s we put in day in and day out, end up being worth it. The summer days spent in the blazing sun and not at the beach take a lot out of me but the cravings for big games drive you through it. Even though we condition for almost five months in the end the two month season is all we live for. Football begins to be all you can think about, whether it is training hard at the gym or just eating better at home it drives you to be a better person. It pushes you to do things that will improve your skills and talent, usually things you wouldnââ¬â¢t normally do. This is why I love the game; itââ¬â¢s become a part of me. The lessons of hard-work, dedication and brotherhood have been drilled into me for years already. These things are going to forever be with me, as well as the people that I got to play alongside with. Our coaches sometimes sit us down and talk to us about life and how football will teach us things, we might sit there and just nod our heads. But we all do know that it really does. They tell us that when we walk around we donââ¬â¢t represent just us, not just our households anymore. But that we are our school, our community and that we have to be exemplary people and lead in a positive way. These are things that Iââ¬â¢ll never forget due to the vast amount of times Iââ¬â¢ve heard these speeches before, but also because I believe them. The rush that I feel when I get onto that field is like nothing else; when you hear the crowd go wild after you make a big play is just a feeling that you can ever get enough of. Itââ¬â¢s like an addiction to be the best and do great. Football has become more than just a sport to me but somewhat of a lifestyle. On and off the field everybody knows who you are because you play. But it affects me outside of school too, Iââ¬â¢ve meet some of my best friends through football. When you hear people asking ââ¬Å"Is that so and so from the Mililani Football team? â⬠You get a feeling like no other. These are just some of the things football has taught me, done for me and gotten for me. How to cite High School Reflective Essay, Essay examples jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-5663575185245767192020-04-27T21:11:00.001-07:002020-04-27T21:11:03.036-07:00Saddam Hussein Essays - Politics Of Iraq, Kuwait, Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein, an Iraqi political leader, was born to a poor Arab family on April 28, 1937. Hussein studied law in Egypt after his attempt to assassinate the premier of Iraq, Abdul Karim Kassem, in 1959. In the summer of 1968, the Baath party returned to power and named Hussein as deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. Hussein has been described by many as the most powerful person in Iraq because of his intimidation of enemies, careful control of his political power, and his military purges. Saddam finally gained control of the Iraq presidency in 1979. His many goals as President included attempting to increase industrial production, reorganizing government policies in agriculture, and improving education and the status of women. Hussein first began a successful development program of Iraq's huge petroleum resources. However, this development and economic and social advances were at risk when Iraq went to war with Iran from 1980 to 1988. Hussein started this war to control Arab-inhabited areas and especially for oil resources. Hussein is also known as a ruthless leader who used chemical weapons on Kurdish people seeking freedom in the 1980's. In August, 1990, Hussein invaded and annexed Kuwait for violating oil production laws set by the Organization of Petroleum Exports Countries(OPEC). (Kuwait had lowered the price of oil.) The Iraqi forces killed many Kuwaiti people and stole or destroyed much property. Hussein apparently wanted to use Kuwait's vast oil resources to help Iraq's economy. Many people believed that Iraq would next invade neighboring countries such as Saudi Arabia. Some of the countries that opposed Iraq's invasion and that sent forces to this region were the United States, Canada, and several Arab and Western European nations. These countries formed an allied military coalition that caused a worldwide embargo against Iraq. The United Nations Security Council condemned Iraq's occupation and approved the use of military force on Iraq if their troops did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. Hussein ignored this demand and refused to withdraw. The consequence of this decision was to go to war. On January 16, 1991, the allies bombed military targets in Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq, in return, launched missiles against Saudi Arabia and Israel. The U.S.-led military coalition drove Iraq's armies out of Kuwait. This war, called the Persian Gulf War, lasted only six weeks. On April 11, 1991, the U.N. Security Council made Iraq promise to pay Kuwait for war damages. Hussein also had to destroy all chemical and biological weapons, as well as the facilities that might produce nuclear weapons. In March of 1991, the Shiites in Southern Iraq and in the Kurdish areas in the north rebelled and opposed The Iraqi government. As a result, Hussein began air attacks against these rebels. In August, 1992, the U.N. had to step in to protect the Shiites. Allied planes patrolled this area, and the allies placed a "no fly zone" for Iraq over Kurdish regions. In October, 1994, large numbers of Iraq troops moved to the Kuwaiti border again. The U.S. sent thousands of troops to this area, fearing another Iraqi attack. Finally in November of 1994, Hussein formally recognized the independence and boundaries of Kuwait. Hussein has been closely watched from 1996 until today. The Washington Post learned that an anti-Saddam operation by the CIA has cost $100 million dollars without reaching its goal of helping Iraqi resisters overthrow Saddam. The CIA reports that Iraqi armies are half as strong today as in 1991. Hussein is considered vulnerable but is still in control. jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-4544349697101546972020-03-19T16:41:00.001-07:002020-03-19T16:41:02.930-07:00The world of second jobs for teachersThe world of second jobs for teachers Being a teacher is an important professional calling- but itââ¬â¢s no easy task. Some people look at the profession and imagine itââ¬â¢s an easy job, with summers off and plenty of free time in the afternoon once the students go home. However, those in the know regarding what itââ¬â¢s really like to be a teacher know that this generalization couldnââ¬â¢t be further from the truth. Being a teacher is as tough as it is important. Teachers often work long hours- with tremendous responsibilities that extend both in and out of the classroom- and are constantly dealing with an array of challenging student personalities, needs, and demands (not to mention the needs of the parents and their school administrators).Another key factor working against most teachers is compensation. The notion that teachers are overworked, underappreciated, and underpaid has become a professional clichà © of sorts in the United States, and has led to a growing phenomena among educators- getting a sec ond job to make ends meet. According to a recent Washington Post article, ââ¬Å"Many teachers are paid so poorly, in fact, that they have to take second jobs to pay their bills. A study released earl`ier this year found that in 2015, the weekly wages of public school teachers in the United States were 17 percent lower than comparable college-educated professionals- and those most hurt were veteran teachers and male teachers.â⬠The article points out that this unfortunate situation is not isolated to any specific teaching grade level or geographic region of the country: ââ¬Å"Nationally the situation is bleak. While other professions have seen compensation growth, teachersââ¬â¢ salaries have stagnated for four decades. In fact, over the last decade in 30 of 50 states, teacher pay has actually not kept pace with the cost of living. Forty-seven states face teacher shortages, and there has been a 30 percent decrease in enrollment in teacher credentialing programs in recent year s.â⬠Since the phenomena of teachers taking on second jobs doesnââ¬â¢t seem to be decreasing or ending any time soon, a good strategy for these intrepid educators is to leverage their professional experience, skillsets, and work schedules to their advantage. If youââ¬â¢re a teacher looking for additional employment, consider the following ideas to earn some extra money and help make ends meet.Freelance EditorMost teachers have a great eye and ear for the effective flow of ideas, proper word use, and grammar, and can often spot a mistake quickly- often the result of reviewing countless student essays and reports. Thatââ¬â¢s why seeking work as a freelance editor can be a rewarding and lucrative option for teachers.Freelance editors are typically well compensated (average hourly wages can range from $25ââ¬â$40 per hour or more, depending on the project and your experience level), and opportunities are available in all genres, from nonfiction to fiction and more, so yo u can feasibly work on subject matter that naturally interests you. Also, depending on the project deadline you can carve out a schedule that works around your teaching chores and other life responsibilities, making this a potentially attractive option.TutoringGetting paid to tutor individuals outside of work seems like a natural fit for someone whoââ¬â¢s already employed as a teacher- and if itââ¬â¢s in a subject that youââ¬â¢re well versed in, then youââ¬â¢ll have little or no prep involved to get started. Since tutors generally set their own hours and pay scales (often based on level of commitment and subject complexity), how much you make can entirely depend on you. Furthermore, youââ¬â¢ll have the flexibility to set your own hours and venue.Technical WriterDo you have a talent for clearly and easily explaining complicated or technical processes? If so, then consider looking for additional work as a technical writer. Technical writers create and review instruction manuals, journal articles, company documents, and how-to guides in an effort to make technical or scientific information easier to understand. This typically requires a background in science, technology, engineering, or computers, but the good news is that if you teach in this area, it may be a great choice for you for a second job.The pay is typically good (average hourly wages can range from $30-$50 per hour or more, depending on the project and your experience level). Plus, you can sometimes work on a per-project basis, allowing you to control how much additional work you take on, and work around your existing schedule.Childcare WorkerMost teachers have a background in and propensity for working with younger people, which may make employment as a childcare worker an easy transition for them. If you have a capacity for caring for children, then consider a second job as a childcare worker. You can often do this type of work with an agency or as a self-employed individual (meaning you can set your own fee scale and availability), and because peoplesââ¬â¢ needs for childcare varies you can likely find work for whatever time of day makes sense for you.DriverAlthough this might not seem to be the most instinctual choice for a second job for teachers, take a moment to think about it. In the era of Uber, Lyft, and Seamless, the need for drivers and delivery people has never been greater, and you shouldnââ¬â¢t have a problem finding extra work. In addition, shifts are often available at night, early in the morning, or on weekends, which means you can pick up some extra pay without interrupting your teaching schedule. Also, after a tough, mentally taxing day of teaching, driving as a second job might be a nice change of pace.If youââ¬â¢re a teacher, you may not be looking forward to the idea of a second job, but it may be a necessity for you. If this is the case, you can make it easier on you by choosing your second job wisely. Use the information and ideas presented here to help you make the choice for a second job as easy as possible. jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-90100218002299240222020-03-03T08:27:00.001-08:002020-03-03T08:27:02.875-08:00Seven learning styles and how to teach themSeven learning styles and how to teach them Attention teachers- are you making the most of your time in the classroom? The truth is, if youââ¬â¢re applying a ââ¬Å"one size fits allâ⬠approach to teaching then youââ¬â¢re probably not making the most effective use of your abilities. Todayââ¬â¢s most effective teachers realize that their classrooms are actually microcosms of students with a range of learning styles- and each student has a specific way of absorbing and processing new information that they respond to best. It can be challenging, but teachers who make a real effort to reach each student by taking their individual learning style into account are best positioned to have a positive and lasting impact in their classrooms.In general, there are seven recognized learning styles- and a range of useful strategies for engaging learners who respond best to each. If you want to maximize learning in your classroom and help your students achieve their goals, consider devoting some time to figuring out which of the following learning styles works best for each and build a program that takes this important information into account.Visual/SpatialA visual learner responds well to seeing new concepts and ideas in visual form- things like charts, tables, figures, and diagrams that incorporate helpful colors and shapes- and learn best by seeing things laid out in front of them. Visual learners are typically observant, creative, and well-organized people who are focused and enjoy carefully laid out plans.If youââ¬â¢re eager to engage a visual learner, make sure your learning program incorporates helpful visual aids and cues and encourage students to use visual tools themselves during the learning process- including sketching out ideas and using note taking and drawing (think flowcharts and mind maps). Also, consider placing them at or near the front of your classroom and decorate your classroom with lots of visual aids.Solitary/IntrapersonalThese students typically straddle a range of learning st yles (including logical, physical, verbal, auditory, and visual learning). How can you spot this type of learner? These are typically private, independent, and introspective students who are driven by self-motivation and self-determination. They often seem like theyââ¬â¢re well-suited for tasks like programming, coding, researching, and writing.The truth is, although it can be challenging to fully engage a solitary learner in a crowded classroom, do your best to guide them through the use of visual learning tools, books, designated quiet areas for self-study, and clearly defined sharing/solitary time in the classroom- it will be time well spent.VerbalIf youââ¬â¢re working with a verbal learner, donââ¬â¢t forget that words matter most to them- in all of their many written and spoken forms. These learners are typically intellectual and bookish sorts who show a clear preference for writing and reading, so incorporating things like text-based lessons, vocabulary and word activi ties, and poems are good ideas. It shouldnââ¬â¢t be a surprise that many of these learners wind up in careers involving law, journalism, politics, and writing and administration.If youââ¬â¢re working with a verbal learner be sure to have verbal and written discussions of new concepts and ideas. Take into account if theyââ¬â¢re naturally introverted or extroverted- the more outgoing they are, the more theyââ¬â¢ll benefit from presentations and interactive talking, while introverted verbal learners will likely respond well to things written down. Be sure to use this information to your teaching advantage.Physical/KinestheticThese energetic learners enjoy the ââ¬Å"hands-on approach,â⬠and enjoy physical and tactile activities to support their learning. They typically gravitate towards athletic pursuits. Look for ways to incorporate learning tools that engage their senses and include movement when possible. Role-playing tends to work particularly well with physical le arners- although this can be a challenge in a classroom full of students. If you can find a way to make use of these strategies youââ¬â¢ll tend to be more successful at engaging these learners.Logical/MathematicalThese data-driven, number-focused learners typically are logical and successful in the classroom and veer towards careers in research, science, accounting, and programming. They respond well to puzzles, brain teasers, and tasks involving pattern recognition, classification and grouping, statistics, and numerical and hierarchical information. Aim to incorporate these in your lesson plans whenever possible.Social/InterpersonalThese types of learners are typically easy to spot- they have a natural predilection for teamwork and interacting and collaborating with their classmates. Although social learners tend to be natural leaders, extroverts, and good communicators, this isnââ¬â¢t a hard a fast rule and can really vary. Another thing worth noting is that social learners can respond well to other learning styles, usually set in a collaborative/interpersonal backdrop. Try incorporating a variety of group activities within your lesson plans to benefit these learners.Auditory/MusicalThese learners tend to respond really well to audio-based lessons, cues, and stimuli. They often prefer to have things explained to them out loud, and really do well with activities that incorporate talking, audio recordings, and music. Your voice and the voices of others in the classroom are great tools when working with auditory learners. Although maintaining a quiet and orderly classroom can be important, your best bet when trying to engage these learners is to incorporate some well-placed sound into your lessons.If youââ¬â¢re looking to better engage your students and maximize learning in your classroom, consider factoring in the diverse learning styles covered here when developing your lesson plans. jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-21035062621014474592020-02-15T23:53:00.001-08:002020-02-15T23:53:03.163-08:00Faith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2Faith - Essay Example I have approaches few people that have products, discussed my plans with them, and I would be an agent and offer strategy and agreement between the product owners and the people that I direct to the websites. Commercial transactions would then follow and commission would be my income. Identifying and convincing product owners into the idea have been a challenge but I believe the idea will be successful because God has assured us of success. Godââ¬â¢s words to Israelites that the Lord ââ¬Å"gives you the ability to produce wealthâ⬠(Deuteronomy 8:18, p. 1) and that ââ¬Å"thou mayest prosper and be in healthâ⬠(3 John 1:12, p. 1) are the scriptures on which I stand. Failure to find product owners who liked my ideas and wanted to work with it and the fact that I have not yet implemented the ideas challenges my faith in Godââ¬â¢s words and power but the scriptures strengthens me. I therefore believe that I shall overcome and attain my financial jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-51382397557312183002020-02-02T14:16:00.001-08:002020-02-02T14:16:03.678-08:00Oslo Agreement of 1993 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 wordsOslo Agreement of 1993 - Case Study Example The Arab-Israeli conflict has been a persistent source of tension for decades, for example, but it has taken on new dimensions in the aftermath of the failed Oslo process and the recent explosion of violence that shows no signs of abating. These traditional issues have been joined by several more recent problems that defy easy solutions. Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) continue to spread throughout the region, despite international non-proliferation efforts. Terrorists recruited and trained in the Middle East are now carrying out attacks far beyond their own borders, creating strong global interests in countering the sources of this phenomenon (Litvak, 1993). The declaration of principles between Israel and the PLO was designed to undertake direct discussions leading to the establishment of Palestinian self-rule, beginning with Gaza and Jericho. These two agreements were assumed to be the result both of the domestic pressure faced by the new Israeli government caused by their perceived failure to move the process along as initially promised and of Arafat's perception that his lack of concrete gains was enhancing the strength of his opponents within the Palestinian movement (Meir, 1993). Thereafter, trusted emissaries of these two principals met in secret negotiations facilitated by the late Johan Holst, then Norway's foreign minister. The Washington ceremony which brought to the world's attention the initial results of this secret effort began an entirely new "third track" to the Arab- Israeli diplomatic process-direct negotiations between Israel and the PLO with a specified timetable leading towards an interim stage of Palestinian autonomy in Gaza and an area around Jericho but with a clear acknowledgement that further movement would then occur incrementally as negotiated. This was followed by the Cairo agreement of 13 February 1994 brokered by the strenuous efforts of Egyptian President Mubarak (Sayigh, 1999). These two diplomatic and political shocks, therefore, while clearly not bringing this subregion of the Middle East to a level of political recognition, economic and cultural interchange, or military stability that had existed in Europe in the early days of the CSCE, nevertheless had moved the process giant steps forward. Political risks associated with these two major moves obviously had been calculated as necessary given the potential outcome and, conversely, the costs of not trying. That is not to suggest that each party went into the process willingly. Future scholars likely will explore the issue of "coercive diplomacy" in this period. Rather, consciously and with purpose or not, as each of the parties entered into one or both of these processes, they endured varying degrees of risk. Each regime or leadership was exposed: the centrality which "the evilness of the Zionist entity" plays in the domestic as well as regional politics of most Arab and Islamic regimes; the profound and pervasive issue of long-term acceptance of Israel in the region, and the more immediate security concerns of facing 22 hostile Arab states and Iran, jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-47388289209334052762020-01-25T10:40:00.001-08:002020-01-25T10:40:05.757-08:00Case Study On Aurobindo PharmaCase Study On Aurobindo Pharma Global strategy for Indian pharmacy companies and the opportunity in emerging markets: A case study on Aurobindo Pharma Focus Aim: To understand the trends in Indian pharmacy companies which have been recently going global by investing abroad with an intention for market expansion? Objectives: To find out the strengths of the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and analyse the pattern of Mergers and Acquisitions by various companies across the globe. To throw light on the strategies followed by Aurobindo Pharma in acquiring other pharma companies. Context The research includes strategy of the emerging pharmaceutical companies in India and understands the trends and process of the companies that have been going global to expand their market in the world-wide. Literature review: In pharmaceutical sector around the world, India ranks 4th in terms of volume and 13th in terms of value. In the year 2006 the value was USD 7.42 billion, the growth has been increased by 12.9% over the previous year. In this total sales 90% of the sales are accounted as generics and the remaining are patented drugs. Now a dayà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s governments of various countries, patients and industries are pulling attention towards generic drugs, due to lower in cost and less RD investment than compares to that of the patented drugs. In the year 2005 the generic market has been increased by 20% in the world which is four times that of the patented drugs and three times that of the pharmaceuticals market. US market alone had acquired 44% of the generic drugs (Pharmabiz, 2009). The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of generic drugs in Indian pharmaceuticals has been increased by 16.6% during the period of 2001-05. The expected CAGR during the period of 2009-14 would be 13.2% and appro ximately the total value may reach $15,490m in 2014 (Research and Markets, 2009). In the year 2009 in India there were more than 80 FDA approved plants, Italy (55) and China (27). The Indian pharmaceuticals companies like Cipla, Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s lab; Wockhardt, Lupin and Nicholas Piramal are doing well in developed market such as US and Europe. These companies have exciting values in formulation, bulk drugs, generics, novel drug delivery system, new chemical entities, biotechnology etc (Research and Markets, 2007). 4.1 Indian pharmaceutical market structure: Source: Cygnus, 2007 According to Dr. Richard Gerster, à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âThe IndianÃâà pharmaceutical industry is a success story providing employment for millions and ensuring that essential drugs at affordable prices are available to the vast population of this sub-continent.à ¢Ã¢â ¬? The Indian pharmaceuticals ranks very high in terms of quality, technology and the range of medicines manufactured. Indian pharmaceuticals market will grow 10-14%, to touch $40 billion by 2015 (Mckinsey, 2009). India has a powerful biotechnology that can overthrow by the revolution of agriculture, healthcare, industrial processing and environmental sustainability. In India there are 100 research laboratories and more than 400 educational and training institutes across the country (Pharma India, 2005). Major companies in India 2006 Source: company annual report FY 2006-07, *annual report 2006 December ending. In the above figure y-axis indicates to turnover (Rs.bn) Indian pharmaceuticals is divided into two benefits, one is strong domestic consumption growth and robust export opportunities (Indus view, 2009). 4.2 Mergers and acquisitions of Indian pharmaceutical companies The major reason for acquisitions is to attaining access to new technologies, clinical research, catapulting the market share and platform for improving custom synthesis and working with new clients. The major companies acquiring acquisitions in India are Ranbaxy, Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s, Dishman and Wockhardt. In generics Acquirer Target Value USD million Date Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Beta pharm (Germany) 574 Feb-06 Ranbaxy Terapia (Romania) 324 Mar-06 Ranbaxy Ethimed NV (Spain) Mar-06 Ranbaxy Allen spa (Italy ) Mar-06 Aurobindo Milpharma (UK) 13 Feb-06 Jubilant organosys Target research association (US) 34 Oct-05 In branded formulation Sun pharma Able laboratories (US) 24 Dec-05 Valeant pharma (2 facilities) (Hungary, US) 10 Aug05 Active pharmaceuticals ingredients (API) Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s Rocheà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s API business (Mexico) 59 Nov-05 Matrix Docpharma (Belgium) 263 Jun-05 Over the last decade the outsourcing has become the important part for the pharmaceutical companies. The main reason for the outsourcing is rising pressure to reduce costs, and time-to-market, this leads to the increasing the technical demanding areas such as drug discovery and biotech RD. Outsourcing opportunities has been rapidly growing in the market like Eastern Europe, China, India. Indian pharmaceutical industries are putting effort on the development of the product for global generic market and this will be visible with the DMF filing at the US FDA (DMFs are generic dossiers filed with the FDA in order to allow the API to appear in marketed drugs). 30% of the DMF filings at US FDA are filed by Indian companies. Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s, aurobindo, cipla, Ranbaxy, matrix and lupin are the leading Indian companies of DMFs filed in US. From the sources of US and European countries they made research on Indian based pharmaceuticals companies regarding merging and acquisitions and they were pleased to announce some name to the Indian companies and decided to name as à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âIndian Pharmaceutical MNCà ¢Ã¢â ¬?. Mainly US and European countries have focused on Indian due to the vast change in research work done and the main plus points for them were the laws of Indian government have changed drastically like providing new opportunities to launch patented molecules this point made them interest in investing Indian pharmaceuticals, and likewise India pharma is becoming strong manufacturing stand and with low-cost development, manufacturing destination. Source: Shivani Shukla, 2006. The global has been rapidly changing into the generic market; here are some companies that have been invested, acquired and deals in 2008-09. Green cross Pharma in Singapore was acquired by Ascent; Pfizer plant in Ireland was acquired by Hovione, PharmaPro manufacturing facility was acquired by URL Pharma, ECR pharmaceuticals was acquired by HI-Tech pharmacal. Ãâà Source: Research and Markets, 2009. Indian pharmaceutical market in U.S., has been continuously increasing, a $440 billion market appoints 47% of the global pharmaceutical market. In February 2009, Indian pharmaceutical companies including large and mid-sized all together have assured approvals for 15 Abbreviated New Drug Applications (ANDAs) (Indus view, 2009). Strategies: In order to expand their market some companies have entered into foreign markets in generic drugs segment. Some companies have entered directly by setting their own sales and marketing organisation, either in organic manner or through acquisitions and others have entered these market through partnership or merging with well established companies. Ranbaxy acquired Ohm Laboratories in US in 1995, Jubilant Organosys acquired Cadista pharmaceuticals (formerly Trigen Laboratories) an US generic company in 2005. Aurobindo Pharma gained an FDA-compliment formulations manufacturing plant in Dayton, New Jersey in 2006, in the same year the company acquired Milpharm LTD in UK. Dr. Reddyà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s approved as a MHRA manufacturing facilities in UK. Wockhardt has a manufacturing facility in UK, Ireland and France (espicom, 2009). Aurobindo Pharma: Aurobindo was founded in the year 1986, by Mr P.V. Ramaprasad reddy, Mr. K. Nithyananda reddy and some highly committed group professionals. Aurobindo pharma launches Asiaà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢s largest formulation facility in India in 2009. Vision of the company is à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã
âTo become Asias leading and one among the top 15 generic Pharma companies in the world, by 2015 (aurobindo, 2009). RD of the company lies in developing intellectual property in non-infringing processes and resolving complex chemistry challenges. Aurobindo pharma expects to reach $2 billion by the end of the year 2013, the company licensing deal with Pfizer to sell generics drugs in more than 70 emerging companies and developing market in India (Fierce pharma, 2009). Aurobindo pharma is the first company that makes acquisition in Europe acquires Milpharm in UK in 2006, on agreement with the U.K. Whyte group LTD and Iracot LTD. This acquisition makes the company to gain immediate access to European markets. This company is profit making company in generic; it takes ownership over hundred Marketing Authorizations (MAs) Medicines, and Health care products Regulatory Agency, UK (UK MHRA). Milpharm records Ãâà £7.7 million in 12 months of period ended 30th September 2005 (Aurobindo, 2006). Source: THE HINDU, journal, 2006 Source: PR Domain News Release, 2006 The above pie chart indicates that Aurobindo pharma exports break-up in the year 2006 Research methodology à ¢Ã¢â ¬ÃÅ"Researchà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã¢â ¢ the term fundamentally means expedition for information or data collection. It certainly means to accumulate the information regarding certain queries and to build up a convinced scheme for that question. If there is no such a word like research all the scientific and social projects could be resulted in guess work and inexact data.Ãâà The descriptive or relative, qualitative research work is typically probing, in concern it can either contain some or all the criterion mentioned below. (Miles, 1994) Extremely intensified and drawn out contact in the field. Designed to attain a holistic or complete picture. Little consistent instrumentation is used. Most analysis is done with words. Take into account the experiences, opinions and feelings of the participants. The research strategies generally used are the chosen case study and the grounded theory. 5.1 Research paradigm A research paradigm is expanded to the critical thinking of the students that may help the students to gain a clear view about the research with the different examples. Positivist paradigm is based on the philosophical idea which explores the social reality. Positivism paradigm has been influencing the educational research for a long time, later half twentieth it is criticized due to the lack in subjective states of individual. 5.2 Research approach There are four different types of research approaches, they are specification of a theory, design based on the theory, implementation, and evaluation. This research includes deductive and inductive quantitative comes under deductive and qualitative comes under inductive. Quantitative method mainly includes objectively, caution and types of questions in this are pre-specified and outcome oriented. Qualitative mainly includes subjectively, meaning of the report. Types of questions are open-ended and process oriented. 5.3 Research method The research study is basically to understand the impact of pharmaceutical industries that have been going global to increase their market. Thus, given the research aim and objectives of the study, methodology that is employed for this study is basically to desk study rather going for primary survey method. The Aurobindo Pharma chosen for the case study is taken into account with a view point and to review how the company acquired and merged with other companies. 5.4 Sampling procedure A sample is a finite part of statistical population, whose properties are studied to gain the information of the whole (Webster, 1985). When it comes in case of dealing with people, it can be defined as a set of respondents picked out from a larger group for the reason of survey. So as a part of sampling technique the questionnaire is to be conducted between a selected group of actual client and non client households during the course of the survey. 5.5 Method of data Analysis The published data collected on the pharmaceutical industry will be analysed with the help of diagrams, graphs and pie charts and draw conclusions based on the results obtained. Saunders et al (2003) claims that there is no standard models to analyzing qualitative data but discuss one technique where the data are disaggregated into meaningful categories that are subsequently rearranged and analyzed for related data and key themes. Data collection Secondary data collection The data is mostly collected from the secondary form of publications like articles, Indus view, InPharma publishers, Cygnus business consulting and research, Pharmaceutical journal newspapers, Pharmabiz, market and research. Primary data collection Primary data is the collection of ideas all the way through the chain of various semi-structured consultations conducted by the researcher. This data can be collected by conducting interviews and by daily written record of experiences and observations. The research includes questionnaire, case Ethical consideration Time plan Activity July August September Week Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1.Holiday 2. Read Literature 3.Finalise Objectives 4. Draft Literature Review 5. Read Methodology Literature 6. Devise Research Approach 7. Draft Research Strategy and Method 8. Develop Questionnaire 9. Pilot Test and Revise Questionnaire 10. Administer Questionnaire 11. Enter Data into Computer 12. Analyse Data 13. Update literature read 14. Complete remaining chapters 15. Submit to tutor and await feedback 16.Print, bind 17. Submit jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-39592354358138986542020-01-17T07:04:00.001-08:002020-01-17T07:04:06.130-08:00Indian Tobacco CompanyITC is one of India's foremost private sector companies with a market capitalisation of nearly US $ 18 billion and a turnover of over US $ 5. 1 Billion. ITC is rated among the World's Best Big Companies, Asia's ââ¬ËFab 50â⬠² and the World's Most Reputable Companies by Forbes magazine, among India's Most Respected Companies by BusinessWorld and among India's Most Valuable Companies by Business Today. ITC ranks among India's `10 Most Valuable (Company) Brands', in a study conducted by Brand Finance and published by the Economic Times.ITC also ranks among Asia's 50 best performing companies compiled by Business Week. ITC has a diversified presence in Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards ; Specialty Papers, Packaging, Agri-Business, Packaged Foods ; Confectionery, Information Technology, Branded Apparel, Personal Care, Stationery, Safety Matches and other FMCG products. While ITC is an outstanding market leader in its traditional businesses of Cigarettes, Hotels, Paperboards, Packaging and Agri-Exports, it is rapidly gaining market share even in its nascent businesses of Packaged Foods ; Confectionery, Branded Apparel, Personal Care and Stationery.As one of India's most valuable and respected corporations, ITC is widely perceived to be dedicatedly nation-oriented. Chairman Y C Deveshwar calls this source of inspiration ââ¬Å"a commitment beyond the marketâ⬠. In his own words: ââ¬Å"ITC believes that its aspiration to create enduring value for the nation provides the motive force to sustain growing shareholder value. ITC practices this philosophy by not only driving each of its businesses towards international competitiveness but by also consciously contributing to enhancing the competitiveness of the larger value chain of which it is a part. ITC's diversified status originates from its corporate strategy aimed at creating multiple drivers of growth anchored on its time-tested core competencies: unmatched distribution reach, superior brand-building capabili ties, effective supply chain management and acknowledged service skills in hoteliering. Over time, the strategic forays into new businesses are expected to garner a significant share of these emerging high-growth markets in India ITC's Agri-Business is one of India's largest exporters of agricultural products.ITC is one of the country's biggest foreign exchange earners (US $ 3. 2 billion in the last decade). The Company's ââ¬Ëe-Choupal' initiative is enabling Indian agriculture significantly enhance its competitiveness by empowering Indian farmers through the power of the Internet. This transformational strategy, which has already become the subject matter of a case study at Harvard Business School, is expected to progressively create for ITC a huge rural distribution infrastructure, significantly enhancing the Company's marketing reach.ITC's wholly owned Information Technology subsidiary, ITC Infotech India Limited, is aggressively pursuing emerging opportunities in providing en d-to-end IT solutions, including e-enabled services and business process outsourcing. ITC's production facilities and hotels have won numerous national and international awards for quality, productivity, safety and environment management systems. ITC was the first company in India to voluntarily seek a corporate governance rating.ITC employs over 24,000 people at more than 60 locations across India. The Company continuously endeavors to enhance its wealth generating capabilities in a globalising environment to consistently reward more than 3,77,000 shareholders, fulfill the aspirations of its stakeholders and meet societal expectations. This over-arching vision of the company is expressively captured in its corporate positioning statement: ââ¬Å"Enduring Value. For the nation. For the Shareholder. â⬠| |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[ pic] | | | | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | Competitors ITC competitors are primarily in the Tobacco industry. ITC also competes in the Apparel, Office, School, & Art Supplies, and Crop Production sectors. ITC competitive landscape includes: â⬠¢ Hindustan Unilever â⬠¢ Reliance Industries â⬠¢ Tata Group ITC Company DescriptionITC walks with the other giants of the Indian business world ââ¬â Tata and Reliance. Primarily, the company makes cigarettes and tobacco, as well as papers and packaging. It also runs hotels, manages lines of branded apparel and prepackaged food, and exports agricultural commodities (including rice, wheat, and lentils). ITC is India's second-largest exporter of agri-products. The group's major brands include India Kings, Insignia, Navy Cut, Scissors, and Gold Flake (cigarettes); Wills Sport and John Players (clothing); Kitchens of India and Aashirvaad (prepackaged food); and Exp ressions (greeting cards). It is also parent to one of India's leading technology companies, ITC InfoTech.ITC pays constant attention to its employees by means of minimum wage raising programs, and providing healthcare through the application of preventive measures, periodical examinations for various diseases, and the necessary treatment at all times. It also provides a distinguished health insurance program for the employees and their families, which covers many diseases that aren't covered by other programs. It offers healthy daily meals for the employees, along with comfortable and safe transportation means from and to the company. In this decade, the company launched a series of educational programs for its employees' children with both public schools and universities education. The company took on the responsibility of paying all the expenses needed in as part of a motivational educational support policy for distinguished students [pic] | |[pic] | | | Sunfeast In 2003, ITC for ayed into the Biscuits market with the Sunfeast range of Glucose, Marie and Cream Biscuits. Sunfeastââ¬â¢s brand essence, ââ¬Å"Spread the Smileâ⬠connotes happiness, contentment, satisfaction and pleasure. The mascot Sunny reinforces the emotional aspects of the brand. Sunfeast immediately established itself as a provider of innovative and distinctive products ââ¬â Sunfeast Marie was launched in an innovative orange flavour and the ââ¬ËSunfeast Dream Cream' range includes new flavours as well as flavour enhancers. The Sunfeast Dream Cream range is currently available in 8 variants.The Company has also introduced ââ¬ËSunfeast Dark Fantasy', a dark chocolate and vanilla cream offering for the premium segment in select markets. Riding on the success of its initial offerings, ITC also entered the milk biscuit category with Sunfeast Milky Magic biscuits in the general milk and milk cream categories. Apart from milk which helps mental growth, these biscuits also contai n the finest quality wheat aiding physical growth. Both cream and milk biscuits have received enthusiastic response from consumers. In the last few years the Sunfeast biscuits portfolio has been enhanced to include salted crackers and cookies. The ââ¬ËSunfeast Snacky' salted crackers are available in 2 unique variants viz. Chilli Flakes and Classic Salted. Sunfeast's cookie offering, ââ¬ËSunfeast Special' biscuits are also available in select markets.The Sunfeast Special range currently includes cookies in three variants ââ¬â Butter, Cashew and crunchy Coconut, as well as cream biscuits in two variants ââ¬â Choco and Orange. The recently launched Sunfeast Golden Bakery offers the freshly baked taste of cookies in 3 variants ââ¬â Choco-nut, Butter-nut and Butter scotch. The brand has also launched Sunfeast Nice, a tasty and delightful offering of crispy, sugar sprinkled biscuits. The Sunfeast product portfolio has been further expanded to include healthy snacking op tions as well. Sunfeast Pasta Treat', a whole wheat based instant pasta was introduced as a healthy snacking option for children. After the tremendous success of the 4 initial flavours the instant Pasta range has been extended with two new exciting flavours ââ¬â Pizza and Chicken. The pasta segment was further expanded with the launch of ââ¬ËSunfeast Benne Vita' in 4 innovative variants. This range has been enhanced recently with the launch of Sunfeast Benne Vita Flax Seed biscuits that reflect the brand essence of Benne Vita, which in Italian stands for ââ¬ËGood Lifeââ¬â¢. The flax seed content in these protein and mineral enriched biscuits is a rich vegetarian source of Omega III acids.With continued focus on health and nutrition, Sunfeast extended the biscuits portfolio to the nutritional segment with the launch Sunfeast Sachin's Fit Kit ââ¬â a range of healthy products co-created with Sachin Tendulkar. It is for the first time in India that an icon of the statur e of Sachin Tendulkar has been actively involved in the product development process as co-creator of the Sunfeast Sachin's Fit Kit range. It is the shared vision of Sunfeast as well as Sachin Tendulkar that products under the Sachin's Fit Kit range will enable create ââ¬Å"Champions of Tomorrowâ⬠. The launch range comprises two offerings ââ¬â Sunfeast Sachin's Vitamin and Protein enriched biscuits and Sunfeast Sachin's Multigrain biscuits. jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-46078281258512386142020-01-09T03:27:00.001-08:002020-01-09T03:27:03.913-08:00Information Technology Proposal - 1234 Words Running Header: Information Technology Proposal Information Technology Proposal Darren Brown April 16, 2006 To: Director of Information Technology at Riordan Manufacturing From: Darren Brown, Information Technology Systems consultant Date: April 16, 2006 Subject: Information Technology Proposal As an Information Technology Systems consultant for Fortune 500 and 1000 companies, I have completed a review of your organization s current software and hardware systems and determined that with some changes Riordan Manufacturing will be able to exceed its current organizational goals and maintaining its place as the industry leader in identifying industry trends. The current network architecture that exist at Riordanâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The MRP is utilized for manufacturing, inventorying, and shipping. This system and data is just as important as the ERP. Both are critical software components to Riordan Manufacturing success. After reviewing the existing hardware and software being utilized, I have concluded that Riordan Manufacturing must make changes to some hardware, software, and procedures affecting IT to be able to meet it s current goals and expectation. To be able to do this, Riordan Manufacturing must upgrade outdated equipment, upgrade unsupported operating systems and applications, and consolidate databases and increase productivity. Some of the hardware that exists at Albany and Pontiac sites needs upgrades to increase the productivity of the plants. The Albany site can change its structure to mirror the Headquarter with a 100 base T Ethernet with switches and reduce the amount of hardware and connections. The Pontiac site needs to upgrade to CAT 5 cabling to reduce data transmission degradation. Next, replace the hubs, patch panels with switches, and run a 100 base T Ethernet. Furthermore, both sites need to upgrade to a full T-1 connection to support the data transmission speed to headquarters. Software at both the Albany and Pontiac sites need to be upgraded due to compatibility issues with other sites and the fact that the software is no longer supported by the vendor. Both sites use WIN NT for the operating systems for their network and ExchangeShow MoreRelatedHrm 312 : Spring 20171614 Words à |à 7 Pages Information Technology has grown in popularity and has advanced over the years. Information Technology is used in a wide number of different fields, one of which includes Human Resource Management. As of 2017, all the information weââ¬â¢ve ever needed or wanted to know can be searched and found online. With all of this information at our fingertips, we as a society have become more advanced. However, Information Technology has its opportunities and challenges. The opportunities of Information TechnologyRead MoreCase1LastMileCopy1503 Words à |à 7 Pages One of the two proposals that were on the table for strategic partnership was from Midwest Technologies Inc. The company is a large defense contractor and advanced technology supplier to many industries. They provide their advanced technology products to the automotive, aerospace, and information technology markets worldwide. The company is very large in scale and has been at the forefront of some of the significant technologies of the last hundred years. Midwest Technologiesââ¬â¢ mission is to ââ¬Å"accomplishRead MoreThe Information Flow Of E Commerce1594 Words à |à 7 PagesThe above figure indicates how the information flow takes place in an e commerce environment from the user in terms of his queries regarding the product catalog, Its attributes like price, description or part number through an interface and also how the selling enterprise 2 can organize its activities of ordering, inventory, sales. finance through efficient use of digital technology. Pros and Cons The general advantages that it has yielded to the businesses can be seen in terms of the enhancedRead MoreA Basic Understanding Of Network Competencies Essay1136 Words à |à 5 Pagescompetencies is necessary to succeed in most technology fields and it is a foundational requirement for roles that deal directly with network communications. In todayââ¬â¢s connected world of the cloud, apps that depend on internet connectivity, and even thermostats that can have their temperature set across the internet, the need to understand how networking works is expanding beyond the traditional roles of Network Administrators, Network Engineers, and information security professionals to developers, systemsRead MoreAssignment 1 Cs 782964 Words à |à 4 Pages------------------------------------------------- 1. Introduction In order to ensure compatibility (conjugation) and information security, harmonization of existing and emerging government information systems and information resources, Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 16, 2004 N 44 On the National operator in the field of Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan was introduced National Information Technologies Joint-stock Company was founded on April 4, 2000 called ââ¬Å"NITECâ⬠with 100% participation andRead MoreCisco System Case Study1510 Words à |à 7 Pagesits products line. Cisco used information technology as a strategic asset than as a strategic liability (Weill Ross, 2009). IT revolution in Cisco has given huge cost savings for the company, nearly $506 million annually by delivering the products via internet. This clearly indicates the IT-Savvy companyââ¬â¢s behavior. Key Factors differentiate Cisco as an Information age company: In my opinion, there are few key factors which differentiates Cisco as an information age company than of an IndustrialRead MoreThe City Of Memphis Information Services1269 Words à |à 6 PagesMemphis Information Services, (IS). The City of Memphis has existing and emerging technologies in government operations, and its delivery of services to the public. The IS works to improve City government efficiency through technology and to make communications with the City uncomplicated and clear. The vision of the IS is to be recognized as a leading provider of innovative IT solutions for municipal services. The mission statement is: ââ¬Å"Collaborate with City divisions in leveraging technology whichRead MoreThe Importance Of A Technologist Has Changed1695 Words à |à 7 Pagesthan todayâ⬠. This is the principle I live by, and after spending nearly 8 years in the Information Technology industry and having worked for two of the most prestigious organizations in the United States and in India, Iââ¬â¢m now ready to maximize my potential to the fullest. Today, the role of a technologist has changed. A technologist is likely to be a manager who has to implement new practices and new technology and often engage in man management and decision making. My growing seniority in the industryRead MoreThe Impact Of Information Technology On Us995 Words à |à 4 Pagesall the administration by hand. Now, we have the same process as a backup, in case electricity goes off and we could not use technology. Today, we have changed to way we save and secure information. We have improved quality and performance. We have changed the learning process, and even the way we socially interact. These changes came from the use of information technology, and because of all the resources and methods of learning that this provides, we have seen success in people that can masterRead MoreInformation Technology Systems Primary Responsibility1198 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Information Technol ogy systems primary responsibility is to maintain and sustain the organization network and communications operations. Although, they specialize in a particular field, they combine experiences and resources to support the IT department. The functional areas support the IT department which in turns support the organizationââ¬â¢s mission, vision, and goals. Mission: Planning, managing, synchronizing, and directing the Information Technology system communication operations with the jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-14239326586985752122019-12-31T23:53:00.001-08:002019-12-31T23:53:03.876-08:00Essay on Philiosophy - 512 Words Philiosophy Philosophy is an all-important aspect of our lives. It is philosophy that we turn to when have the need to seek out a guiding principle for our lives. Therefore, philosophy holds a prominent place in society and in the world. Basically, everyone is a philosopher, but it takes the creative genius and reasoning of brilliant thinkers to bring about world-shattering concepts. Nevertheless, the common man also ruminates about his life and his unique existence to try to find the meaning of his life. Over a life time, a constitution or a theme is developed to discern the ideas that one can readily accept. Interestingly, the philosophies of men separated by vast chasms of time and space all embrace upon a common theme ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦What one believes is sacred and my own beliefs, I cherish dearly. In this aspect, philosophy allows us to live our lives with confidence, because we know that ideas cannot be taken from us. In the United States, we can feel free to expr ess our opinions and beliefs as long as we do not impinge upon others rights. This is where a common philosophy has been accepted and adopted by a people. This macrocosmic unity of a nation demonstrates the power of philosophy. In another area, philosophy is vital: religion. Religions are perhaps the largest groups of people who share a common philosophy. Their uniform beliefs cause the members of each religion to philosophize in a common theme in which the religion does not allow any radical deviation. One of philosophys most important aspects is its flexibility. This flexibility allows the individual to endlessly engender new thoughts and theories. It was this flexibility that encouraged great thinkers to expound their ideas. It is dubious that their ideas can change others, but in each stage of transition and growth there is an opportunity for new philosophies to come in and help us live our lives better. Philosophy grants us the chance to live a fulfilled life, full of actions and thoughts true to ourselves. We find enlightenment in philosophy, from ourselves and others. There is always an inenarrable satisfaction when a new idea comes to us. Such is theShow MoreRelatedBehavioral And Emotional Aspect Of Human Thinking774 Words à |à 4 Pagesdifferent techniques interchangeably and according to the need of the client at the time. The following techniques are commonly, but selectivly used: o Cognitive Techniques â⬠¢ Teach clients to deal with self defeating statements and encourage a new philiosophy â⬠¢ reframe â⬠¢ teach rational analysis â⬠¢ change the language â⬠¢ disregard irrational beliefs o Emotive Techniques â⬠¢ Teach clients self acceptance â⬠¢ acceptance of others â⬠¢ role play â⬠¢ find value in themselves and others â⬠¢ shame attaching exercise o BehavioralRead MoreChildren Should Be Independent Learners Essay1073 Words à |à 5 Pagesthe teacher to guide the child without letting him feel her presence too much, so that she may be always ready to supply the desired help, but may never be the obstacle between the child and his experience. (Montessori 89) Referring back to my philiosophy, I believe in the idea that children should be independent learners. Recently, in our American school systems, the government has decided to do a ââ¬Å"Common Coreââ¬â¢ curriculum where the students have to be more independent and the teacher will mostlyRead MoreEssay on Machiavelli1580 Words à |à 7 Pagesâ⬠Niccolo Machiavelli made a statement in history. The Italian Renaissance was an era in history that was full of change. It was full of philosophers and people exploding with new ideas and ready to revolutionize. Niccolo Machiavelli started a philiosophy that not only influenced Italy, but influenced the world and leaders everywhere. Whether people were frightened of him or not, he created a different form of political philosophy that I used today. Even tough he has been dead for over 450 yearsRead MoreItalian Renaissance Humanism in Art1826 Words à |à 8 Pagesintelligence, which had not really been displayed in art before this time. With the focus in the Italian Renaissance being individual achievement, self gratification, and the quest for public appraisal, a great many changes occurred in artworks, philiosophy, and literature. The humanist themes that developed in Renaissance Italy helped shape the Reformation and influenced many great European thinkers during the Enlightenment. Had the humanistic views projected during the Italian Renaissance not occurred jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-71912818088127039472019-12-23T19:38:00.001-08:002019-12-23T19:38:03.665-08:00Substance Abuse Paper - 1198 Words Substance abuse is one of the most common comorbid conditions among individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (Schwartz et al., 2007). Previous studies have shown that nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis were the most frequently used substances in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, followed by cocaine and amphetamine. Individuals with substance use disorders have negative long-term outcomes and poorer overall quality of life. Researchers suggest that substance abuse complicates individuals with mental issues and also makes treatments less effective (Schwartz et al., 2007). Researchers also suggest that other predictors such as gender, age and other psychosocial predictors may affect substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia. Thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Although researchers suggested that the integrated program with a routine care had a positive impact on patients with comorbid schizophrenia and substance use disorders, there were other factors that would have caused pat ients to increase their drug and/or alcohol use. The stress from the patientsââ¬â¢ families or stress from the patients not having contact with their family could have caused an increase in drug and alcohol use during the integrated programs and routine care. Researchers Schwartz, Hilscher and Hayhow (2007) wanted to determine if other psychosocial impairments were associated with current drug abuse in patients with schizophrenia. They based their study on previous research that suggested that the substance use was caused by depression, side effects of medication and the effects of the psychotic symptoms in patients and also being a male. Schwartz et al. (2007) tested 223, majority Caucasian and minority African American patients, 18 years or older from a mental health agency. The clients were given psychiatric evaluations (medical, family and social history) and interviews using the Global Assessment of Functioning and Functional Assessment Rating scales to examine the severity of the substance abuse on clients with schizophrenia. These finding suggested that males were highly most likely to engage in substance abuse compared to females. Other predictor factors such as work/schoolShow MoreRelatedVulnerable Populations Paper: Substance Abuse1842 Words à |à 8 PagesVulnerable Populations Paper: Substance Abuse Substance abuse disorders is easily defined when an ââ¬Å"individual continues to use the substance despite experiencing negative consequences from their use. These negative consequences can include health problems; difficulties in their family, work, and social life; and financial and legal problems. They are said to be dependent on the substance when,â⬠in addition to theses negative consequences, they build tolerance and experience withdrawal ifRead MoreSubstance Abuse Paper1450 Words à |à 6 PagesOver the years substance abuse has been on the rise with many people falling victims. This paper concentrates on substance abuse and addictive disorders in the African American population. When it comes to the scope of the problem regarding the extent to which it affects the people, depression, poverty, and stress is closely connected to alcohol abuse and appears to be the same for both men and women (American Psychological Association, 2000). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) reports thatRead MoreFamily and Substance Abuse Paper1230 Words à |à 5 PagesRunning head: FAMILY AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE PAPER Family and Substance Abuse Paper Launita J. Grand Canyon University March 11, 2013 Family and Substance Abuse Paper When an individual has a disorder with substance abuse and how family is involved, it can be a very uncomfortable situation for both the abuser and family members. When the abuser is an adolescent, the program may need consent from the adolescent before communicating with the parent, whether the communication is over the courseRead MorePrison Based Substance Abuse Treatment Paper1641 Words à |à 7 PagesResearch has identified that prison based substance abuse treatment for offenders differs greatly for males and females. Female offenders tend to have numerous triggers for their substance abuse with the research showing female offenders being significantly disadvantaged compared with male offenders when entering treatment programs (Messina, Grella, Cartier, Torres, 2010). The following essay will summarise research conducted on the topic of substance abuse treatments for incarcerated females, lookingRead MoreAttention Deficit / Hyperactive Disorder ( Adhd )1166 Words à |à 5 Pagesbetween ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. ââ¬Å"Substance abuse disorder is defined as a physical dependence, abuse of, and withdrawal from drugs and other substances.â⬠(Biederman, 1999) The prevalence of substance use and substance abuse in recent years is a cause for concern and has been a matter of public and scientific debate. There is considerable amounts of literature on the risks of substance abuse among thoseRead MoreSubstance Abuse Disorders And The Lgbtq Community Essay1063 Words à |à 5 PagesSubstance Abuse Disorders and the effect on LGBTQ+ Adults This paper is to show the shockingly disproportionate number of LGBTQ+ community members with various substance abuse issues compared to heterosexual community members. This paper will briefly go over the history of Substance Abuse and the LGBTQ+ community. It will also show the evidence of risk factors of this population both current and previous, as well as some ideas to implement while working with the LGBT+ population. History SubstanceRead MoreThe Brainââ¬Å¡Ãâà ´s Rewarding System Addiction1536 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Brainââ¬â¢s Rewarding System Addiction Biopsychology Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the article, ââ¬Å"The Brainââ¬â¢s Rewarding System Addictionâ⬠(2004) by Katharine P. Bailey, MSN. In this article, I did not find a general hypothesis. Studies in this article show that most drugs directly or indirectly cause selective elevation of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (NA), the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and the limbic system, consequently called theRead MoreDrug Use And The Factors That Influence A Future Drug Addiction1005 Words à |à 5 PagesThis paper explores various ways adolescent brain is susceptible to risky behaviors such as drug use and the factors that influence a future drug addiction. Adolescence is a time of growth both physically and mentally as well as emotionally. Risky behaviors, such as drug use, are likely to appear during this time. It isnââ¬â¢t until early adulthood that the prefrontal cortex, the area of our brain responsible for logical thought and reasoning, is developed. Many underlying factors of substance abuse areRead MoreSubstance Use Disorder And Substance Abuse997 Words à |à 4 PagesSubstance use disorder is defined as being a pattern of maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of a substance, sometimes also including tolerance for the substance and withdrawal reactions. (pg. 294). The individual I will be talking about for the project is someone that came to crave a particular substance and rely on it every day. Their choice to devote so much of their time to their substance caused issues between their family and friends. Both family and friends startedRead MoreSubstance Abuse Is A Serious Condition892 Words à |à 4 PagesSubstance addiction afflicts one in twelve Americans and involves millions more family members and friends. The statistics are scary; in the United States an estimate of 88,000 deaths a year is a result of excessive alcohol abuse while deaths from cigarette smoke exceed 480,000 a year. About 100 Ame ricans per day died from drug overdose in 2013(Kane, G. 2015). Substance abuse is a serious condition that should not be ignored or minim- ized. It is a devastating disease with serious social consequences jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-27593416063497467522019-12-15T16:08:00.001-08:002019-12-15T16:08:06.781-08:00Current Trends in Business Communication Free Essays Technology advancements over the recent years have made communication possible in different ways. Communication in the business world today can range anywhere from e-mails, personal digital assistants, text messaging, instant messaging, and through the use of web-cams, just to name a few. These different communication tools allow employees to communicate both internally and externally in a timely and more efficient manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Current Trends in Business Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now The current trends in communication within the healthcare industry make it easier for health care professionals to perform their daily tasks, and provide patients with more quality care. The Role of Business Communication in My Workplace Communication is extremely important in my line of work as a nurse. Without good effective communication skills between the various healthcare professionals involved in a patients care and between the healthcare professionals and the patient, the quality of care would or could be grossly impacted. As a nurse, communication takes place in many different forms, whether it is through notes, e-mail, phone, Internet, software used by the facility, or face-to-face communication. Typical internal day-to-day communication activities in my job include checking my work list on the software application that the healthcare facilities use to communicate between the chains of healthcare facilities within the region. The work list may have orders from the doctor to perform certain tasks such as phoning in a prescription to the pharmacy or updating a medication list for a patient. Another type of internal communication that takes place in my day-to-day activities besides oral communication, software communication, and phone communication, is written communication through the use of text messaging. There are times when the doctor will be out of the office and unable to talk directly to a patient or myself and will instead send text messages to my cell phone. Text messaging is not necessarily a daily occurrence but is used regularly. External day-to-day communication that my job requires me to use may include verbal or oral communication with patients either by the use of phone or face-to-face. It is also common to send written material with the patients or to the patients at their home address. Communication with pharmaceutical representatives via e-mail is also common. There may be questions about medications for example, which are not emergent and completely acceptable to send via e-mail to the representative. Text messaging is not an acceptable means of external communication and is never used. The use of the Internet and software has a huge impact on my ability to perform daily activities in a timely manner. Without the ease of communicating electronically simple activities could take could take much more time to complete. Current software has made it easy to re-order prescriptions for patients by just looking up a patient and renewing past prescriptions and sending them to the specific pharmacy that they use. This makes it not only easier for the doctor and the nurse but also for the pharmacist. Also there are times when it is necessary to get ahold of the doctor who could be in a meeting through the use of text messages. This allows important questions to be answered right away instead waiting until the meeting is over. Trends within the Healthcare Industry. Technology has had a big impact in the healthcare industry. My workplace will be going paperless in September of this year. Doctors are preparing for this by making sure that all patient information listed in patient charts such as medication lists and diagnosesââ¬â¢ are put into the system. All internal communication between different facilities will be done through the use of software or by phone. No patient results will be sent through fax or through mail. According to LexisNexis, ââ¬Å"Obama sees the investment in electronic records as a way to improve quality and lower costs. Different Message Types Resulting From Current Trends According to Articlesbase (n. d. ), ââ¬Å"The different message types that result from these current trends are either personal or impersonal. â⬠The different message types resulting from these current communication trends are in the form of e-mails, text messaging, various software, Internet communicatio n, face-to-face video conferencing, instant messaging, and social networking sites such as Twitter or Facebook. Conclusion The current trends in business communication have been greatly influenced by the advancements in technology. The Internet, cell phones, MP3 players, personal digital assistants, social networking sites, and video conferencing among others, has allowed business communication to take place in many forms and from all over the world with ease. These current trends have made it easier for healthcare professionals to communicate more efficiently internally and externally and allow day-to-day activities to get accomplished more quickly than in the past. References: Articlesbase.à (n.d.).à Business Communication: Business Trends and Message Types.à Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/networking-articles/business-communication-business- -trends-and-message-types-4133734.html ASQ.à (n.d.).à Going Paperless Pays Off for Healthcare Industry .à Retrieved from http://asq.org/qualitynews/qnt/execute/displaySetup?newsID=5661 How to cite Current Trends in Business Communication, Papers jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-72930391645981758782019-12-07T12:52:00.001-08:002019-12-07T12:52:02.738-08:00This essay is about President Andrew Jackson free essay sample Andrew Jackson, our seventh President of the United States, is in rather an k President. Considered as the Peoples President he was very straight forward and honest to his people. He takes his job seriously and possibly the most liberal president in history. His presidency however was neither bad nor good, but shared a fair amount of each. First off, the good qualities he had was the fact he had bold commitment to enforce laws and fight back against secession threats from South.Two high riffs Were passed during 1828 and 1833 which increased taxes on imported foreign goods. The south was outraged by the high taxation so under the Nullification act that allows states to nullify laws they dont like. Soon after the second tariff was issued, they formed a convention to build up an army with the idea of secession. Jackson was so enraged that he was willing to use all the power he has to stop it. We will write a custom essay sample on This essay is about President Andrew Jackson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fortunately he was able to make a deal with the Vice President John C.Calhoun, who was in favor of the south, to lower the ax prices. The south backed off from secession and things settled down. Secondly, the bad if not malicious duties Jackson did during his presidency was the force removal of Native Americans from Georgia to the west and the ending the National Bank system. The state of Georgia was against the Supreme Court who was against the removal of the Natives. Even though the Supreme Court won, Georgia as well as Jackson ignored it and forced the Natives out of Georgia to the present state of Oklahoma.Many died before hey even got there. As to the National Bank issue, Jackson believed that it was a monopoly towards the upper class people and as a result refuse to recharge it. Jackson used one of his vetoes, and the Banks congressional supporters did not have enough votes to override him. The Bank ceased to exist when its charter expired in 1836, but even before that Jackson had weakened it considerably by withdrawing millions of dollars of federal funds. This later resulted in contributing to the Panic of 1837. jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-37106304924619517542019-11-30T00:34:00.001-08:002019-11-30T00:34:03.076-08:00The Greenhouse Effect Essay Summary Example For Students The Greenhouse Effect Essay Summary The Greenhouse EffectThe greenhouse effect, in environmental science, is a popular term forthe effect that certain variable constituents of the Earths lower atmospherehave on surface temperatures. These gaseswater vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide(CO2), and methane (CH4)keep ground temperatures at a global average of about15 degrees C (60 degrees F). Without them the average would be below thefreezing point of H20. The gases have this effect because as incoming solarradiation strikes the surface, the surface gives off infrared radiation, or heat,that the gases trap and keep near ground level. The effect is comparable to theway in which a greenhouse traps heat, hence the term. We will write a custom essay on The Greenhouse Effect Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Environmental scientists are concerned that changes in the variablecontents of the atmosphere (particularly changes caused by human activities)could cause the Earths surface to warm up to a dangerous degree. Even alimited rise in average surface temperature might lead to at least partialmelting of the polar ice caps and hence a major rise in sea level, along withother severe environmental agitation. An example of a runaway greenhouse effectis Earths near-twin planetary neighbor Venus. Because of Venuss thick CO2atmosphere, the planets cloud-covered surface is hot enough to melt lead. Water vapor is an important greenhouse gas. It is a major reason whyhumid regions experience less cooling at night than do dry regions. However,variations in the atmospheres CO2 content are what have played a major role inpast climatic changes. In recent decades there has been a global increase inatmospheric CO2, largely as a result of the burning of fossil fuels. If themany other determinants of the Earths present global climate remain more orless constant, the CO2 increase should raise the average temperature at theEarths surface. As the atmosphere warmed, the amount of H2O would probablyalso increase, because warm air can contain more H2O than can cooler air. Thisprocess might go on indefinitely. On the other hand, reverse processes coulddevelop such as increased cloud cover and increased absorption of CO2 byphytoplankton in the ocean. These would act as natural feedbacks, loweringtemperatures. In fact, a great deal remains unknown about the cycling of carbonthrough the environment, and in particular about the role of oceans in thisatmospheric carbon cycle. Many further uncertainties exist in greenhouse-effectstudies because the temperature records being used tend to represent the warmerurban areas rather than the global environment. Beyond that, the effects of CH4,natural trace gases, and industrial pollutantsindeed, the complex interactionsof all of these climate controls working togetherare only beginning to beunderstood by workers in the environmental sciences. Despite such uncertainties, numerous scientists have maintained that therise in global temperatures in the 1980s and early 1990s is a result of thegreenhouse effect. A report issued in 1990 by the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC), prepared by 170 scientists worldwide, further warned thatthe effect could continue to increase markedly. Most major Western industrialnations have pledged to stabilize or reduce their CO2 emissions during the 1990s. The U.S. pledge thus far concerns only chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs attackthe ozone layer and contribute thereby to the greenhouse effect, because theozone layer protects the growth of ocean phytoplankton. would probably alsoincrease, because warm air can contain more water than can cooler air. Thisprocess might go on indefinitely. On the other hand, reverse processes coulddevelop such as increased cloud cover and increased absorption of CO2 byphytoplankton in the ocean. These would act as natural feedbacks, loweringtemperatures. Science jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-78530413053854478182019-11-25T22:30:00.001-08:002019-11-25T22:30:03.401-08:00HARMONY AND COURAGE AS PRINCIPLES FOR SURVIVAL essaysHARMONY AND COURAGE AS PRINCIPLES FOR SURVIVAL essays Mononoke Hime is a powerful tale of the struggle between gods and humans. In pursuit of the cause and the cure of his curse, Ashitaka heads west where he is confronted by the bitter battle between the people of Tatara and the guardian-gods of the Forest of the Shishigami, worsened further by the antagonistic presence of the samurais. He is enchanted with the Mononoke Hime, San, a human raised by Moro, the head of the clan of mountain dogs protecting the forest. Given her upbringing, San has grown to hate humans, and has taken it upon herself to war against them for the sake of the forests preservation. Ashitaka later meets Eboshi Gozen, the head of the iron-making village of Tatara. Beloved to her people, composed of social outcasts, Eboshi, for her part, is set out to destroy the forest for the necessary mining activities. In all this, Ashitaka is caught between two factions who are essentially fighting for their respective survival. This dilemma evidently points to a central theme in Japanese religion-ultimately, Japanese life, and that is the close relationship binding gods (kami), humans, and nature to one another (Earhart, 1982, p 7). In contrast to monotheistic religions, the Japanese religion does not rank gods, humans, and nature in a vertical order, but perceive them co-existing in a harmonious relationship. To illustrate this quality of a non-hierarchy, experiences are not exclusive in gods only or in humans only. Case in point, the boar gods Okkotonushi and Naganokami felt immense pain and suffering, causing them to become Tatarigami. In turn, the Japanese believe, every being, including nature, can potentially have kami, in other words, become a god. Harmony is an important element in Japanese life (de Mente, 1994, p 2). It is believed to be rooted in the primitive religion of Japan, Shinto. Anthropologists, de Mente (1994) explained, attributed the need for harmony to the demands of rice cultivation and the ... jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-77815764567177021192019-11-22T05:54:00.001-08:002019-11-22T05:54:05.323-08:00Bae Hbr In 1992, two years into construction, the projectââ¬â¢s top managers recommended inclusion of an airport-wide integrated baggage-handling system that could dramatically improve the efficiency of luggage delivery. Originally contracted by United Airlines to cover its operations, the system was to be expanded to serve the entire airport. It was expected that the integrated system would improve ground time efficiency, reduce close-out time for hub operations, and decrease time-consuming manual baggage sorting and handling. There were, however, a number of risks inherent in the endeavor: the scale of the large project size; the enormous complexity of the expanded system; the newness of the technology; the large number of resident entities to be served by the same system; the high degree of technical and project definition uncertainty; and the short time span for completion. Due to its significant experience implementing baggage-handling technology on a smaller scale, BAE Automated Systems Inc. , an engineering consulting and manufacturing company based in Carollton, Texas, was awarded the contract. Construction problems kept the new airport from opening on the originally scheduled opening date in October 1993. Subsequently, problems with the implementation of the baggage system forced delays in the opening of the airport another three times in seven months. In May 1994, under growing pressure from shareholders, the business community, Denver residents, Federal 1Fred Isaac, Federal Aviation Administration regional administrator, quoted in ââ¬Å"Denver Still Working Out Kinks as Its First Birthday Arrives,â⬠USA Today (February 28, 1996), p. 4b. Fred Renville, United Airlines employee quoted in ââ¬Å"Denver Still Working Out Kinks as Its First Birthday Arrives,â⬠USA Today (February 28, 1996), p. 4b. Assistant Professor Ramiro Montealegre and Research Associate H. James Nelson of the University of Colorado at Boulder, Research Associate Carin Isabel Knoop, and Professor Lynda M. Applegate prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate e ither effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Some names have been disguised. Copyright à © 1996 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685 or write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meansââ¬âelectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwiseââ¬âwithout the permission of Harvard Business School. 1 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 396-311 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System Aviation Administration (FAA) commissioners, and the tenant airlines and concessionaires, Denver mayor Wellington Webb announced that he was hiring the German firm Logplan to help assess the state of the automated baggage system. In July, Logplan issued an 11-page report to the City of Denver that characterized BAEââ¬â¢s system as ââ¬Å"highly advancedâ⬠and ââ¬Å"theoretically capable of living up to its promised ââ¬Å"capacities, services and performances,â⬠but acknowledged mechanical and electrical problems that ââ¬Å"make it most improbable to achieve a stable and reliable operation. Logplan suggested that it would take approximately five months to get the complete BAE system working reliably. It also suggested that a backup system of tugs, carts, and conveyor belts could be constructed in less than five months. In August 1994, Mayor Webb approved the construction of a backup baggage system. At the same time, he notified BAE of a $12,000-a-day penalty for not fi nishing the baggage system by DIAââ¬â¢s original October 29, 1993 completion date. Webb also demanded that BAE pay for the $50 million conventional tug-and-cart baggage system. Gene Di Fonso, President of BAE, knew that his company could demonstrate that flaws in the overall design of the airport and an unsystematic approach to project changes had affected implementation of the integrated baggage system. He wondered whether he should just cancel the contract and cut his losses, or attempt to negotiate with the city for the support required to finish the system as specified, despite the severe deterioration in communication and rising hostility. Could the problems with the automated system be overcome with the dedication of additional resources? Given that the system represented a significant departure from conventional technology, would reducing its size and complexity facilitate resolution of the problems that plagued it? And, if the city could be persuaded to accept a simplified system, would the tenant airlines, particularly those with hubbing operations that had been promised more advanced functionality and better performance, be likely to sue? Building the Most Efficient Airport in the World Until about 1970, Denverââ¬â¢s Stapleton Airport had managed to accommodate an ever-growing number of airplanes and passengers. Its operational capacity was severely limited by runway layout; Stapleton had two parallel north-south runways and two additional parallel east-west runways that accommodated only commuter air carriers. Denverââ¬â¢s economy grew and expanded greatly in the early 1980s, consequent to booms in the oil, real estate, and tourism industries. An aging and saturated Stapleton Airport was increasingly seen as a liability that limited the attractiveness of the region to the many businesses that were flocking to it. Delays had become chronic. Neither the north-south nor east-west parallel runways had sufficient lateral separation to accommodate simultaneous parallel arrival streams during poor weather conditions when instrument flight rules were in effect. This lack of runway separation and the layout of Stapletonââ¬â¢s taxiways tended to cause delays during high-traffic periods, even when weather conditions were good. Denverââ¬â¢s geographic location and the growing size of its population and commerce made it an attractive location for airline hubbing operations. At one point, Stapleton had housed four airline hubs, more than any other airport in the United States. In poor weather and during periods of hightraffic volume, however, its limitations disrupted connection schedules that were important to maintaining these operations. A local storm could easily congest air traffic across the entire United States. 3 3According to James Barnes [1993], ââ¬Å"By 1994, Stapleton was one of the top five most constrained airports in the US. There were over 50,000 hours of delay in 1988 and by 1997 the FAA had projected that Stapleton would experience over 100,000 hours of delay per year. â⬠2 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System 396-311 The City and County of Denver had determined in the mid-1970s that Stapleton International Airport was in need of expansion or replacement. In July 1979, a study to assess the airports needs was commissioned by the City of Denver to the Denver Regional Council of Governments. Upon completion of the study in 1983, a report was issued saying that, due to its size and geographic location, and strong commitments by United and Continental Airlines, Denver would remain a significant hub for at least one major U. S. arrier. The study recommended expansion of Stapletonââ¬â¢s capacity. Political Situation4 The City of Denverââ¬â¢s 1983 mayoral race precipitated initiatives to improve the airfield infrastructure. Three candidates were vying for mayor: Monte Pascoe, Dale Tooley, and Frederico Pena. Pascoe, a prominent Denver attorney and former State Democratic Party co-chair, seized upon the airport i ssue, forcing other candidates to adopt stronger positions on airport expansion than they might have otherwise. 5 Pena and Tooley, however, drew the highest numbers of votes in the general election, and were forced into a runoff. At the persistent urging of the Colorado Forum (a collection of 50 of the stateââ¬â¢s top business executives), Pena and Tooley signed a joint statement committing themselves to airport expansion. Pena won the runoff. Committed by a public promise that could have been enforced, if necessary, by the most highly motivated members of the regionââ¬â¢s business leadership, Pena immediately restated his intent to expand Stapleton. The City of Denver and neighboring Adams County began to develop plans for long-term airport development in 1984. In 1985, a new site northeast of Denver was chosen. Consummation of the airport siting issue, however, was left to Adams County voters, which had to vote to permit the City of Denver to annex property therein. The city hired a consulting firm to help organize its resources and its efforts to work through the legal process. The data that was gathered through the master planning and environmental assessment later proved useful for public education. An ââ¬Å"Annexation Agreementâ⬠between Adams County and the City of Denver was reached on April 21, 1988. Adams Country voters approved a plan to let Denver annex 43. 3 square miles for the construction of an airport. In a special election on May 16, 1989, voters of Denver endorsed a ââ¬Å"New Airportâ⬠by a margin of 62. 7% to 37. 3%. According to Edmond, ââ¬Å"Those two referendums passed largely on the merits of the economic benefits: jobs and sales tax revenues. â⬠Economic Considerations A number of trends and events in the mid-1980s alarmed bank economists and other of the regions business leaders in the mid-1980s. The collapse of oil shale ventures between 1982 and 1986 saw mining employment fall from 42,000 to 26,000 jobs, while service support jobs fell from 25,300 jobs to 13,700. Construction jobs fell from 50,700 to 36,600 jobs, and the value of private construction plummeted from $24 billion to $9. 5 billion. 7 A lackluster economy led many government officials in counties and municipalities as well as in Denver to embark upon an unprecedented policy of massive public construction to save the region from what was regarded in 1987 as an economic free-fall. A $180 million-plu s municipal bond was issued for public improvements, including a new downtown library, neighborhood and major roadway improvements, and a host of overdue infrastructure investments. During the same period, 4Extracted from: Moore, S. T. : ââ¬Å"Between Growth Machine and Garbage Can: Determining Whether to Expand the Denver Airport, 1982-1988,â⬠Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Atlanta, Georgia, November 4, 1994. 5Ibid. 6 7 Colorado Business Outlook Forum, University of Colorado School of Business, 1990. Small Area Employment Estimates; Construction Review, U. S. Department of Commerce, 1990 3 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 396-311 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System he Pena administration moved decisively to confront an increasingly aggressive Chamber of Commerce leadership that was promoting airport relocation. The determination of the ââ¬Å"pro-New-Airportâ⬠clan was growing. The project was being marketed as a technologically advanced, state-of-the-art structure to draw businesses, import federal capital, and fund the creation of new job s with bonded debts to overcome the short-term decline in the economy. The airport was to become a grandiose project to revive the Colorado economy and a master showcase for the Public Works Department. The entire business community, recalled a member of the Mayors administrative team: The Chamber of Commerce, members of the city council, the mayor, and state legislators, participated in informational discussions with other cities that had recently built airports. [This enabled] everybody to understand the magnitude of the project. So we studied the other two airports that had been built in the United States in the last 50 years and said, Tell us everything that you went through and all the places you think there will be problems. We were not going into it blindly. Forecasts of aviation activity at Stapleton by the Airport Consultant team, the FAA, and others, however, did not anticipate events such as a new phase of post-deregulation consolidation, the acquisition in 1986 of Frontier Airlines by Texas Air (the owner of Continental), significant increases in air fares for flights in and out of Stapleton, and the bankruptcy of Continental. Consequently, the level of aviation activity in Denver was overestimated. Instead of rising, Stapletonââ¬â¢s share of total U. S. domestic passenger enplanements fell 4% per year from 1986 through 1989. 8 The Master Plan The City of Denvers approach to preparing a master plan for the airport was typical. ââ¬Å"One hires the best consultants on airfield layout, noise impacts, terminal layout, on-site roadways, off-site roadways, cost estimating, financial analysis, and forecasting,â⬠observed DIA administrator Gail Edmond. ââ¬Å"They brainstorm and generate as many alternate layouts as possible. â⬠Alternatives were discussed and eliminated at periodic joint working sessions, and a technical subcommittee was organized to gather input from the eventual airport users, airlines, pilots, and the FAA. ââ¬Å"Everybody knows how to begin an airport master plan,â⬠Edmond added. Following a bid, the consulting contract was awarded to the joint venture of Greiner, Inc. and Morrison-Knudsen Engineers for their combined expertise in the fields of transportation and construction. The consulting team, working under the direction of the DIA Director of Aviation, focused first on four elements: site selection; the master plan; the environmental assessment; and developing support by educating the public on economic benefit. The final master plan presented to the city by the team in the fall of 1987 called for the construction of the worldââ¬â¢s most efficient airport. It was to be created from the ground up with no predetermined limitations. The plan was to allow the airport to grow and expand without compromising efficiency. Twice the size of Manhattan at 53 square miles, the nations largest airport was to be designed for steady traffic flow in all weather conditions. It was to comprise a terminal with east and west buildings joined by an atrium structure, three concourses, an automated underground people mover, and five parallel 12,000-foot-long runways on which as many as 1,750 planes could take off and land daily. Its flow-through traffic patterns would allow planes to land, taxi to concourse gates, and take 8 Furthermore, when selling the project to voters, planners at one point forecast up to 36 weekly flights to Europe by 1993. The number recorded in 1993, however, was four. The number of passengers departing form Denver was to rise from 16 million in 1985 to some 26 million by 1995. The 1994 figure, however, was about the same as the number of passengers in 1985, or half of Stapletonââ¬â¢s capacity. 4 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] om) on April 11, 2012 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System 396-311 off again all in one direction. The ultimate buildout, projected for the year 2020, was to include up to 12 full service runways, more than 200 gates, and a capacity of 110 million passengers annually. Estimated cost (excluding land acquisition and pre-1990 planning costs) was $2 billion. By the end of 1991, the estimated cost had incr eased to $2. 66 billion. Plans called for the projects completion by the fall of 1993. In September 1989, Federal officials signed a $60 million grant agreement for the new airport, which was to be financed in multiple waysââ¬âby issuing revenue bonds and securing federal grantsââ¬â supplemented by a sizable investment by the city [county of Denver 1991]. Estimated federal grants for the new airport originally totaled $501 million. Portions of these were forthcoming from the FAA, for federal fiscal year 1990 in the amount of $90 million and for federal fiscal year 1991 in the amount of $25 million. The remainder of the $501 million letter of intent was to be received on an annual basis through fiscal year 1997. The revenue bonds assumed the ââ¬Å"Date of Beneficial Occupancyâ⬠(DBO) to be January 1, 1994, with bond repayments to begin on that date. At that time, the city determined that DIA would meet the DBO no later than October 31, 1993. A member of the Mayorââ¬â¢s administrative team described the approach. What we did was plan the DBO date and then we planned an extra six months just in case there was a lag in the opening, which, in essence, allowed us to create stability in the market. The other thing we did was that we conservatively financed and filled every reserve account to the maximum. So we borrowed as much money as we could at the lower interest rate and were able to average the debt cost down, not up, as we thought it would be. A Build-Design Project By the time construction began at DIA in November 1989, a transfer of authority was taking place in the City of Denver. Wellington Webb was elected the new mayor. According to one of his assistants, the Pena administration had announced that the airport would be operational in October 1993. ââ¬Å"This was a build-design project, which means that we were building the airport [while] we were designing it,â⬠he explained. Because of the delays early on in the project, we had to accelerate construction immediately. There was a lot of pressure and too many players. This was an airport built by committee. We had regular meetings to straighten things out, but it didnââ¬â¢t always work. â⬠Although the Webb administration inherited the airport project without a commitment on the part of the major carriers, the support and input of concerned airlines were absolutely key, not only financially but also in terms of input on overall airport layout, scope, and capacity, and supporting systems such as fueling and baggage handling. Denver launched the DIA program without specific commitments from either of Stapleton airports two major tenant airlines, United and Continental, which together accounted for more than 70% of existing passenger traffic. Continental committed to the new airport in February 1990, United in December 1991. Fundamental changes were made to the airport layout plan and facilities (some already under construction) to accommodate the operational needs of these carriers. The Webb administration followed the predecessor administrationââ¬â¢s emphasis on assuring that the projectââ¬â¢s greatest beneficiaries would be local businesses. The desire was to involve as many individual firms as practicable and to use Denver area talent. It was reasoned that local talent was easily accessible to the program management team (PMT), knew Denver building codes and practices, and had available the necessary professional labor pool to accomplish the design in accordance with the demanding schedule. In addition, existing law stated that 30% minority-owned firms and 6% women-owned firms had to participate in a public works program. The result was a contracting philosophy that maximized opportunities for regional businesses and the local workforce to compete for the work. At least five of 60 contracts awarded for the design of DIA went to Denverarea firms. These 60 design contracts generated 110 construction contracts. Eighty-eight professional service contracts also had to be coordinated. Many local firms had to be hired and the program was 5 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 396-311 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System chopped up into many small projects. Involvement totaled 200 to 300 firms and reached 400 during the construction phase. Five different firms designed the runways, four the terminal. The citys emphasis on encouraging everyone to compete and yet be part of the project increased the potential for interface and coordination problems. Denverââ¬â¢s flat economy led the administration to keep construction money within the city. Although this benefited the city, it introduced an additional burden on administration. As many as 40-50 concurrent contracts involved many interrelated milestones and contiguous or overlapping operational areas. The estimated daily on-site work force population exceeded 2,500 workers for a 15 to 18-month period beginning in mid-1991 and peaked at between 9,000 and 10,000 in mid-1992. Adding to the human resource coordination problems was a forecasted 4,000 deliveries daily. Construction volume for six months in mid-1992 exceeded $100 million per month. The prolonged period of assessment and negotiation prior to final approval of the project, and the financial plan selected (which required that bond repayments begin on January 1, 1994), pressured the PMT to push the project ahead at all cost. Because the project had to assume the characteristics of a ââ¬Å"fast-trackâ⬠project early in the construction startup, the compressed design period precipitated a more dynamic construction effort han might be anticipated for a competitively bid, fixed price program. Reliance on a design/build method for the project was, according to one DIA official, unusual because projects this complex normally happen during separate stages. For example, you need to finish up the site selection before you begin the master planning. â⬠Moreover, communication channels between th e city, project management team, and consultants were neither well defined or controlled. If a contractor fell behind, a resident engineer who reported to one of the area managers said, the resident engineer would alert the contractor and document this. The resident engineer would document what would have to be done and what additional resources were necessary to get back on schedule and finish the contract on time. As a public agency it was enormous, the amount of documentation that we did. I donââ¬â¢t know how many trees we cut down just for this project. The resident engineer had about five to eight 12-drawer filing cabinets of documentation and this was nothing compared to what the area manager had. It was just incredible. There were at least four to six copies of everything. The scheduling manager described the evolution of the tracking system that was used. One of the biggest problems we had was keeping track of all the changes. So we developed a database system that was installed at each one of the resident engineerââ¬â¢s trailers and each contract administrator was then charged with keeping that system up to date and feeding us disks, which we would then merge together periodically to produce an integrated report. But every party had developed their own tracking system before the start of the project. That worked well for each group, but there was no way to take each one of these divergent systems and combine it into one, comprehensive report. So when we introduced the change tracking system everybody said, fine, thatââ¬â¢s wonderful, and Iââ¬â¢ll update it when I get to it and when I get time. It took three years to implement the tracking system. Project Management In a fast-moving, ever-changing environment such as the development of a new airport, the management structure must be able to rapidly produce engineering alternatives and the supporting 6 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System 396-311 ost and schedule data. 9 But because DIA was financed by many sources and was a public works program, project administrators had to balance administrative, political, and social imperatives. 10 The City of Denver staff and consultant team shared leadership of the project and coordinated the initial facets of DIA design. ââ¬Å"The initial thought, reflected one staff member, was that the city staff would do their thing and the consulting staff do theirs and later we would coordinate. It became evident within a very short time that we were doing duplicate duties, which was inefficient. Finally the city decided to coordinate resources. â⬠The city selected a team of city employees and consultants and drafted a work scope document that clearly separated the cityââ¬â¢s from the consultantsââ¬â¢ responsibilities. The elements the city did not delegate to consultants included ultimate policy and facility decisions, approval of payments, negotiation and execution of contracts, facilitation of FAA approvals, affirmative action, settlement of contractor claims and disputes, selection of consultants, and utility agreements. The city delegated some elements such as value engineering, construction market analysis, claim management, on-site staff and organization, and state-of-the-art project control (computerized management of budget and schedule). Exhibit 1 depicts the DIA management structure. The program management team became the organization dedicated to overseeing planning and development for the new airport. Headed by the associate director of aviation, the team was partially staffed by city career service employees. To add experience and capability, the city augmented the PMT with personnel from the joint venture of Greiner Engineering and MorrisonKnudsen Engineers, the consulting team. Observed one program management team member, ââ¬Å"This working partnership of the City of Denver and consulting joint venture team developed into a fully integrated single organization, capitalizing on the best to be offered by all participants, and optimizing the use of personnel resources. â⬠DIAââ¬â¢s operational project structure comprised five different areas subdivided into smaller units. The working areas were: site development (earthmoving, grading, and drainage); roadways and on-grade parking (service roads, on-airport roads, and off-airport roads connecting to highways); airfield paving; building design (people-mover/baggage-handler, tunnel, concourses, passenger bridge, terminal, and parking); and utility/special systems and other facilities (electrical transmission, oil, and gas line removal and relocation). An area manager controlled construction within each area. Area managers were responsible for the administration of all assigned contracts and, in coordination with other area managers, for management of the portion of the overall site in which their work took place. United Airlinesââ¬â¢ Baggage System From the publicââ¬â¢s perspective, the ââ¬Å"friendlinessâ⬠of any airport is measured by time. No matter how architecturally stimulating a new airport structure, the perception of business or leisure travelers is often registered in terms of efficiency in checking luggage at the departure area or waiting to claim a bag in the arrival area. The larger the airport, the more critical the efficient handling of baggage. Remote concourses connected by underground tunnels present special problems for airport planners and operators because of the great distances passengers and baggage must travel. The purpose of an airport being to move passengers as efficiently as possible, moving bags as quickly is 9 The DIA project used the so-called fast-tracking method, which made it possible to compress some activities along the critical path and manage the construction project as a series of overlapping tasks. 0 These included considerations such as affirmative action, local participation, neighborhood concerns, civic pride, input from the disabled community, art, secondary employment benefits of contract packaging, concern for the environment, and political interest. 7 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 396-311 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System part and pa rcel of that responsibility. Rapid transport of frequent flyers accomplishes very little if bags are left behind. DIAs Concourse A, which was to house Continental Airlines, was situated some 400 meters, and United Airlinesââ¬â¢ Concourse B nearly 1,000 meters, north of the main terminal. Concourse C, home to other carriers including American, Delta, Northwest, America West, and TWA, sat parallel to the other two concourses more than 1,600 meters north of the main terminal. The initial project design did not incorporate an airport-wide baggage system; the airport expected the individual airlines to build their own systems as in most other American airports. 1 United Airlines, which in June 1991 signed on to use DIA as its second-largest hub airport, proceeded to do just that. Needing an automated baggage handling system if it was to turn aircraft around in less than 30 minutes, United, in December 1991, commissioned BAE Automatic Systems, Inc. , a world leader in the design and implementation of material handling systems, to develop an automated baggage handling system for its B Concourse at D IA. The contract, which included engineering and early parts procurement only, was valued at $20 million; and the task was estimated to be completed in two and one-half years. We began working at DIA under a contract directly with United Airlines, recalled Di Fonso. Obviously, United Airlines has experience with airports. They concluded that the schedule had gotten totally out of control from the standpoint of baggage and they acted to serve their own needs, basically to protect themselves. We contracted with United and were already designing their portion of the system before the city went out for competitive bidding. BAE was founded as a division of Docutel Corporation in 1968. Docutel, which had developed the Telecar (a track-mounted automated baggage system), constructed an automated baggage system for United Airlines at San Francisco airport in 1978. When Docutel ran into financial difficulties during this installation, United asked Boeing, a major supplier of its aircraft, to take over the company. Boeing agreed and the new company, a wholly-owned subsidiary dubbed Boeing Airport Equipment, completed the San Francisco installation. In 1982, Boeing sold the company to its senior management, which renamed it BAE Automated Systems. In August 1985, BAE became an operating unit of Clarkson Industries, a wholly-owned subsidiary of London-based BTR plc. BTR plc (formerly British Tire and Rubber), was a $10 billion conglomerate with global interests in building, paper and printing products, and agricultural and aircraft equipment. In 1994, BAEs 365 employees worked on projects across the United States and in Europe and Australia. In-house engineering, manufacturing, and field support capabilities enabled BAE to develop, design, manufacture, install, and support every project it undertook from start to finish. BAE also provided consulting, engineering, and management services for airport projects and a variety of material handling applications. With sales of $100 million in 1994, up from approximately $40 million in 1991, BAE accounted for 90% of U. S. baggage sorting equipment sales. Between 1972 and 1994, the company had successfully designed, manufactured, and installed nearly 70 automated baggage handling systems (worth almost $500 million dollars) at major airports in the United States, in New York, Dallas-Fort Worth, Chicago, San Francisco, Atlanta, Miami, Newark, and Pittsburgh. It had also installed systems in Vancouver and London and was selected, in 1992, as a consultant to the $550 million main terminal for the New Seoul Metropolitan Airport in South Korea. BAE was a very self-contained, integrated company structured along two business lines: manufacturing and engineering. Its approximately 200,000 square foot manufacturing facility was capable of producing nearly all of the components required by BAE systems save motors, gearboxes, and bearings. The engineering department was structured according to major projects. Each project was assigned a project manager who reported directly to the company president. 1 Rifkin, G. : ââ¬Å"What Really Happened at Denverââ¬â¢s Airport,â⬠Forbes, SAP Supplement, August 29, 1994. 8 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System 396-311 Implementing an Integrated Baggage-Handling System BAE had already commence d work on Uniteds baggage system when the PMT recognized the potential benefits of an airport-wide integrated baggage system. Moreover, as one DIA senior manager explained, ââ¬Å"airlines other than United simply were not coming forward with plans to develop their own baggage systems. Airport planners and consultants began to draw up specifications and the city sent out a request for bids. Of 16 companies contacted, both in the United States and abroad, only three responded. A consulting firm recommended against the submitted designs, on the grounds that the configurations would not meet the airportââ¬â¢s needs. BAE was among the companies that had decided not to bid for the job. BAE had installed the Telecar system at a number of other airports and the basic technologies of the Telecar, laser barcode readers, and conveyor belt systems were not new. What was new was the size and complexity of the system. A grand airport like DIA needs a complex baggage system, explained Di Fonso , Therefore the type of technology to be used for such a system is the kind of decision that must be made very early in a project. If there is a surprise like no bidders there is still time to react. At DIA, this never happened. Working with United Airlines, we had concluded that destination-coded vehicles moving at high speed was the technology needed. But quite honestly, although we had that technology developed, its implementation in a complex project like this would have required significantly greater time than the city had left available. A United project manager concurred: ââ¬Å"BAE told them from the beginning that they were going to need at least one more year to get the system up and running, but no one wanted to hear that. â⬠The City of Denver was getting the same story from the technical advisers to the Franz Josef Strauss Airport in Munich. The Munich Airport had an automated baggage system, but one far less complex than DIAââ¬â¢s. Nevertheless, Munichââ¬â¢s technical advisors had spent two years testing the system and the system had been running 24 hours a day for six months before the airport opened. Formulating Intentions As BAE was already working on Unitedââ¬â¢s automated baggage handling system and enjoyed a world-wide reputation as a superior baggage system builder, Denver approached the company. BAE was asked to study how the United concept could be expanded into an integrated airport system that could serve the other carriers in the various concourses. BAE presented the City of Denver with a proposal to develop the ââ¬Å"most complex automated baggage system ever built,â⬠according to Di Fonso. It was to be effective in delivering bags to and from passengers, and efficient in terms of operating reliability, maintainability, and future flexibility. The system was to be capable of directing bags (including suitcases of all sizes, skis, and golf clubs) from the main terminal through a tunnel into a remote concourse and directly to a gate. Such efficient delivery would save precious ground time, reduce close-out time for hub operations, and cut time-consuming manual baggage sorting and handling. Although an automated system was more expensive initially than simple tugs and baggage carts, it was expected that it would reduce the manpower which was required to distribute bags to the correct locations. Bags unloaded from an aircraft arriving at a particular concourse would barely be touched by human hands. Moved through the airport at speeds up to 20 mph, they would be waiting when passengers arrived at the terminal. To prove the capability of its mechanical aspects, and demonstrate the proposed system to the airlines and politicians, BAE built a prototype automated baggage handling system in a 50,000 square foot warehouse near its manufacturing plant in Carrollton, Texas. The prototype system convinced Chief Airport Engineer Walter Slinger that the automated system would work. [The City of Denver] approached us based on one core concept, recalled Di Fonso. They wanted to have a fully integrated, airport-wide baggage system. The city 9 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 396-311 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System had two major concerns. First, they had no acceptable proposal. Second, United was probably going to go ahead and build what it needed and the rest of the airport would have been equipped with something else. Di Fonso continued, When we arrived on the scene, we were faced with fully defined project specs, which obviously in the long run proved to be a major planning error. The city had fallen into a trap, which historically architects and engineers tend to fall into as they severely underplay the importance and significance of some of the requirements of a baggage system, that is, arranging things for the space into which it must fit, accommodating the weight it may impose on the building structure, the power it requires to run, and the ventilation and air conditioning that may be necessary to dissipate the heat it generates. In April 1992, BAE was awarded the $175. 6 million contract to build the entire airport system. According to Di Fonso, company executives and city officials hammered out a deal in three intense working sessions. We placed a number of conditions on accepting the job, he observed. The design was not to be changed beyond a given date and there would be a number of freeze dates for mechanical design, software design, permanent power requirements and the like. The contract made it obvious that both signatory parties were very concerned about the ability to complete. The provisions dealt mostly with all-around access, timely completion of certain areas, provision of permanent power, provision of computer rooms. All these elements were delineated as milestones. Denver officials accepted these requirements and, in addition, committed to unrestricted access for BAE equipment. Because of the tight deadlines, BAE would have priority in any area where it needed to install the system. Di Fonso elaborated, When we entered into the contract, Continental Airlines was still under bankruptcy law protection. The city was very concerned that they would be unable to pay for their concourse. They only contracted for about 40% of the equipment that is now in concourse A, which was the concourse that Continental had leased. Beyond that, concourse C had no signatory airlines as leaseholders at the time. The city, therefore, wanted the simplest, most elementary baggage system possible for concourse C. The outputs and inputs were very, very crude, intentionally crude to keep the costs down because the city had no assurance of revenue stream at that point in time. The city did not get the airlines together or ask them what they wanted or needed to operate. The approach was more along the lines of we will build the apartment building and then you come in and rent a set of rooms. Project Organization and Management No major organizational changes to accommodate the new baggage system were deemed necessary, although some managerial adjustments were made on the DIA project. Design of the United baggage system was frozen on May 15, 1992, when the PMT assumed managerial responsibility for the integrated baggage system. The direct relationship with BAE was delegated to Working Area 4, which also had responsibility for building design efforts such as the people-mover, airside concourse building, passenger bridge main landside building complex and parking garage, and various other smaller structures. The area manager, although he had no experience in airport construction, baggage system technologies, or the introduction of new technologies, possessed vast experience in construction project control management. BAE had to change its working structure to conform to DIAs project management structure. Di Fonso explained, 10 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System 396-311 There was a senior manager for each of the concourses and a manager for the main terminal. The bag system, however, traversed all of them. If I had to argue a case for right of way I would have to go to all the managers because I was traversing all four empires. In addition, because changes were happening fast at each of these sites, there was no time to have an information system to see what is concourse A deciding and what is concourse B deciding. We had to be personally involved to understand what was going on. There was no one to tie it all together and overlap all these effects because the basic organization was to manage it as discrete areas. It was pandemonium. We would keep saying that over and over again. Who is in charge? For the first two years of the project, Di Fonso was the project manager. The project was divided into three general areas of expertise: mechanical engineering, industrial control, and software design. Mechanical engineering was responsible for all mechanical components and their installation, industrial control for industrial control design, logic controller programming, and motor control panels, and software design for writing real-time process control software to manage the system. At the time the contract with BAE was signed, construction had already begun on the terminal and concourses. Substantial changes had to be made to the overall design of the terminal and some construction already completed had to be taken out and reinstalled to accommodate the expanded system. Installation of the expanded system was initially estimated to require more than $100 million in construction work. Walls had to be removed and a new floor installed in the terminal building to support the new system. Moreover, major changes in project governance were taking place during the baggage system negotiations. In May 1992, shortly after the baggage system negotiations commenced, the head of the DIA project resigned. The death in October 1992 of Chief Airport Engineer Slinger, who had been a strong proponent of the baggage system and closely involved in negotiations with BAE, also exerted a significant impact on the project. His cooperation had been essential because of the amount of heavy machinery and track that had to be moved and installed and the amount of construction work required to accommodate the system. His replacement, Gail Edmond, was selected because she had worked closely with him and knew all the players. Her managerial style, however, was quite different from Slingerââ¬â¢s. A Public Works manager recalled his first reaction to the change: ââ¬Å"[The airport] is not going to be open on time. â⬠A United Airlines project manager summarized Edmondââ¬â¢s challenge thus: Slinger was a real problem solver. He was controversial because of his attitude, but he was never afraid to address problems. He had a lot of autonomy and could get things done. Gail was in a completely different position. Basically, she had a good understanding of how the project was organized and who the key players were, but didnââ¬â¢t know much about the actual construction. Also, the city council didnââ¬â¢t give her anywhere near the autonomy and the authority that Slinger had and she had to get approval from the council on just about all decisions. They really tied her hands and everyone knew it. Di Fonso echoed the project managers assessment: Walter [Slinger] understood that one of the things we had to have was unrestricted access. I think he clearly understood the problem the city was facing and he understood the short timeframe under which we were operating. He was the one that accepted all of the contractual conditions, all the milestones of the original contract. He really had no opportunity to influence the outcome of this project, however, because he died within months after the contract was signed. I think Gail 11 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 96-311 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System did an excellent job [but] she was overwhelmed. 12 She just had too much. The layers below focused inward, worrying about their own little corners of the world. ââ¬Å"Not only did we not get the unrestricted access that was agreed upon,â⬠Di Fonso emphasized, ââ¬Å"we didnââ¬â¢t even have reas onable access. â⬠Ten days after Slingerââ¬â¢s death, a BAE millwright found a truck from Hensel Phelps, the contractor building Concourse C, blocking her work site. She asked someone to move the truck or leave the keys so it could be moved. According to a BAE superintendent, ââ¬Å"she was told that ââ¬ËThis is not a BAE job and we can park anywhere we please: is that clear? ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ Elsewhere, BAE electricians had to leave work areas where concrete grinders were creating clouds of dust. Fumes from chemical sealants forced other BAE workers to flee. Di Fonso pleaded with the city for help. ââ¬Å"We ask that the city take prompt action to assure BAE the ability to continue its work in an uninterrupted manner,â⬠he wrote. ââ¬Å"Without the cityââ¬â¢s help, the delays to BAEââ¬â¢s work will quickly become unrecoverable. 13 To further complicate matters, the airlines began requesting changes to the systemââ¬â¢s design even though the mechanical and software designs were supposed to be frozen. ââ¬Å"Six months prior to opening the airport,â⬠Di Fonso recalled, ââ¬Å"we were still moving equipment around, changing controls, changing software design. â⬠In August 1992, for example, United altered plans for a transfer system for bags changing planes, requesting that BAE eliminate an entire loop of track from Concourse B. Rather than two complete loops of track, United would have only one. This change saved approximately $20 million, but required a system redesign. Additional ski-claim devices and odd-size baggage elevators added in four of the six sections of the terminal added $1. 61 million to the cost of the system. One month later, Continental requested that automated baggage sorting systems be added to its west basement at an additional cost of $4. 67 million. The ski claim area length was first changed from 94 feet to 127 feet, then in January 1993, shortened to 112 feet. The first change added $295,800, the second subtracted $125,000, from the cost. The same month, maintenance tracks were added to permit the Telecars to be serviced without having to lift them off the main tracks at an additional cost of $912,000. One year later, United requested alterations to its odd-size baggage inputsââ¬âcost of the change: $432,000. Another problem was the cityââ¬â¢s inability to supply ââ¬Å"cleanâ⬠electricity to the baggage system. The motors and circuitry used in the system were extremely sensitive to power surges and fluctuations. When electrical feedback tripped circuit breakers on hundreds of motors, an engineer was called in to design filters to correct the problem. Although ordered at that time, the filters still had not arrived several months later. A city worker had canceled a contract without realizing that the filters were part of it. The filters finally arrived in March 1994. A third, albeit disputed, complication related to Denverââ¬â¢s requirement, and city law, that a certain percentage of jobs be contracted to minority-owned companies. The City of Denver had denied BAEââ¬â¢s original contract because it did not comply with hiring requirements, where upon BAE engaged some outside contractors in lieu of BAE employees. Di Fonso estimated that this increased costs by approximately $6 million, a claim ejected by the Mayors Office of Contract Compliance. Then, in September 1993, BAEââ¬â¢s contract negotiations with the City of Denver over maintenance of the system resulted in a two-day strike of 300 millwrights that was joined by some 200 electricians. BAE negotiated with Denver for maintenance workers to earn $12 per hour on certai n jobs that the union contended should be worth $20 per hour. As a result, BAE lost the maintenance contract. 12 In addition to her role as Chief Airport Engineer, Edmond kept her previous responsibilities as Chief of Construction and Acting Director of Aviation. 3 Rocky Mountain News, January 29, 1995 12 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System 396-311 Project Relations Much of the effort for implementing the baggage system was directed within one of the four working areas. The relationship with the management team was very poor, recalled Di Fonso. The management team had no prior baggage handling competence or experience. This was treated as a major public works project. The management team treated the baggage system as similar to pouring concrete or putting in air-conditioning ducts. When we would make our complaints about delays and access and so forth, other contractors would argue their position. The standard answer was, Go work it out among yourselves. . . . With contractors basically on their own, this led almost to anarchy. Everyone was doing his or her own thing. Another perspective was offered by a project manager from Stone Webster, a consultant to the PMT, reflecting on the work done by BAE: ââ¬Å"This contractor simply did not respond to the obvious incredible workload they were faced with. Their inexperienced project management vastly underestimated their task. Their work ethic was deplorable. â⬠14 PMT management insisted that access and mechanical issues werenââ¬â¢t the problem. They were running cars in Concourse B all summer (1993), Edmund observed. The problem was that the programming was not done and BAE had full control of the programming. â⬠15 Lawsuits and a Backup Baggage System In February 1993, Mayor Webb delayed the scheduled October 1993 airport opening to December 19, 1993. Later, this December date was changed to March 9, 1994. Everybody got into the panic mode of trying to get to this magical date that nobody was ready for,â⬠a senior vicepresident for BAE recalled. In September 1993, the opening was again postponedââ¬âthis time until May 15, 1994. In late April 1994, the City of Denver invited reporters to observe the first test of the baggage system, without notifying BAE. Seven thousand bags were to be moved to Continentalââ¬â ¢s Concourse A and Unitedââ¬â¢s Concourse B. So many problems were discovered that testing had to be halted. Reporters saw piles of disgorged clothes and other personal items lying beneath the Telecarââ¬â¢s tracks. Most of the problems related to errors in the systemââ¬â¢s computer software, but mechanical problems also played a part. The software that controlled the delivery of empty cars to the terminal building, for example, often sent the cars back to the waiting pool. Another problem was ââ¬Å"jam logicâ⬠software, which was designed to shut down a section of track behind a jammed car, but instead shut down an entire loop of track. Optical sensors designed to detect and monitor cars were dirty causing the system to believe that a section of track was empty when, in fact, it had held a stopped car. Collisions between cars dumped baggage on tracks and on the floor; jammed cars jumped the track and bent the rails; faulty switches caused the Telecars to dump luggage onto the tracks or against the walls of the tunnels. After the test, Mayor Webb delayed the airportââ¬â¢s opening yet again, this time indefinitely. ââ¬Å"Clearly, the automated baggage system now underway at DIA is not yet at a level that meets the requirements of the city, the airlines, or the traveling public,â⬠the mayor stated. The city set the costs of the delay at $330,000 per month. Recognizing that his reputation was staked on his ability to have a baggage system performing to a point at which the new airport could be opened, Mayor Webb engaged, in May 1994, the German firm Logplan to assess the state of the automated baggage system. In July, Logplan isolated a loop of track that contained every feature of the automated baggage 14 15 Forbes, ASAP Supplement, August 29, 1994. Forbes, ASAP Supplement, August 29, 1994. 13 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 396-311 BAE Automated Systems (A): Denver International Airport Baggage-Handling System ystem and intended to run it for an extended period to test the reliability of the Telecars. Jams on the conveyor belts and collisions between cars caused the test to be halted. The system did not run long enough to determine if there was a basic design flaw or to analyze where the problems were. Logplan recommended construction of a backup baggage system, and suggested using Rapistan Demag, a firm it had worked with in the past. Construction of a backup system was announced in August 1994. The system itself cost $10. million, but electrical upgrades and major building modifications raised the projected cost to $50 million. In the meantime, the City of Denver, as well as many major airlines, hired legal firms to assist with negotiations and future litigation. ââ¬Å"We will have enough legal action for the rest of this century,â⬠a city administrator mused. The City of Denver had to communicate with such parties as the United States Federal grand jury, Securities Exchange Commission, and the General Accounting Office. The federal grand jury was conducting a general investigation concerning DIA. The SEC was investigating the sale of $3. 2 billion in bonds to finance DIAââ¬â¢s construction, and GAO the use of Congressional funds. Di Fonso, reviewing Mayor Webbââ¬â¢s letter and requests that BAE pay a $12,000-a-day penalty for missing DIAââ¬â¢s original October 29, 1993 completion date, as well as assuming the costs of building the $50 million conventional tug-and-cart baggage system, summed up the situation thus: We have gotten to the point with the city that literally we are not talking to each other. Consultants recommended a backup baggage system, and the minute that the decision was made, the city had to defend it. We are left out in limbo. 14 Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 396-311 -15- Exhibit 1 Organization Chart Acting Associate Director of Aviation Denver International Airport City Attorneys Contract Compliance DIA Coordinator Tenant Facilities Administrative Assistant Marketing/Public Information Manager Planner Program Manager Computer Systems Administration Deputy Program Manager Airline Specialty Systems Environmental Engineer Contracts Risk Management Financial Manager of Design Contract Administration Administrative Assistant Manager of Project Controls Architectural Supervisor Engineering Supervisor Document Control Contracts Staff Clerical Staff MIS Schedule Cost Estimating Project Managers Support Staff Manager of Construction Project Controls Support Staff Safety Manager Senior Project Engineer QA/QC Manager Employee Relations Area 12 Manager Area 3 Manager Area 4A Manager Area 4B Manager Area 5 Manager Construction Support Staff Source: City and County of Denver, Colorado, Airport System Review Bonds, Series 1991D, October 1991. Purchased by Ashley Matcheck ([emailprotected] com) on April 11, 2012 jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-11866880850690644092019-11-20T20:52:00.001-08:002019-11-20T20:52:06.025-08:00The influence of media (such as video games, violent television, etc.) Term PaperThe influence of media (such as video games, violent television, etc.) on children - Term Paper Example Our children are being raised in an increasingly media dependent world. From the day they are born we use the silencing melodies from the radio to hush them to sleep. As toddlers and preschoolers we rely on television to help us teach them their basic counting and reading skills. Once they hit grade school, television is one way by which we hope to keep them occupied long enough for us to get other work done around the house before helping them with their studies and assignments. We get them on the internet in order to do research that is necessary for the completion of their homework. They stay in touch with their group study and class project team mates via twitter and Facebook. Obviously mass media has become a very important tool in the mental and social development of our children. The question is, how much of this influence that we allow them to be exposed to is positive? And when does it cross the line towards the negative? We have to admit that media is something that we can no longer do without in our lives. It is the greatest mover, shaker, and shaper of our cultural values and social identities. The impact of media over our lifestyle can easily be seen in the way our attitudes and beliefs change over time. This is also a change that is reflected in the way our children are growing up. (Oak, ââ¬Å"Positive Effects of Mediaâ⬠). Experts have coined the term ââ¬Å"Viewtritionâ⬠in order to describe the method by which parents should oversee the quality of the television that their children are watching ( Durrani, ââ¬Å"TV Is Positive Influence On Child Developmentâ⬠). When questioned as to whether television delivered any positive impact on their childs lives, parents responded that: ââ¬Å"Despite the negativity often associated with children watching TV, eight out of 10 parents questioned believed it has a positive effect on their childs development, including jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-22359677522218751242019-11-19T00:05:00.001-08:002019-11-19T00:05:02.197-08:00An economic analysis of the causes of serfdomslavery EssayAn economic analysis of the causes of serfdomslavery - Essay Example Serfdom on the other hand, is also a social economic system whose conditions of bondage are bound but not limited to the fields of landowners. This is in return for protection and the right to work in their leased fields. Basing on these definitions, serfs are also slaves, only that serfs are entitled to property rights, therefore, free, in a way, to do what he thinks is fit for his land. In an analysis paper on the causes of slavery or serfdom in relation to agrarian capitalism, the author distinguishes the two systems by the following context. This is with the assumption that: "A slave can be forced to supply unskilled labor when supervised by a farm operator but he cannot be forced to surrender his non traded skills. This captures the idea that you cannot make a slave a residual claimant without also giving them a substantial degree of independent control over how they allocate labor between their tenancy and labor services to the landlord. A slave owes labor service in return for nothing other than a subsistence wage, whereas serfs were typically peasant farmers who maintained access to land in exchange for payment to a landlord which may or not have included significant labor-service obligation." (Jonathan Conning, p.10) It was during the medieval times, with the rise of feudalism in Europe, that the era of serfdom and slavery became rampant. In the feudal system, the society was divided into three social classes, namely the religious, the nobles and the laborers. The serfs and the slaves were under the third class, whose tasks mainly consist of household duties. The nature of slavery and serfdom prior to the colonization of America was described in an online article at the following context: "Most slaves in Africa, in the Islamic world, and in the New World prior to European colonization worked as farmers or household servants, or served as concubines or eunuchs. They were symbols of prestige, luxury, and power rather than a source of labor." (Digital History online textbook) The Rise of Capitalism This social economic system developed further in Medieval Europe. Though it declined in Western Europe, in the later middle ages, it spread out on Eastern Europe. With the Europeans desire for colonization, it expanded to Africa and shortly thereafter, to Americas. An online article also pointed out that "It was only in the New World that slavery provided labor force for a high-pressure profit-making capitalist system of plantation agriculture producing cotton, sugar, coffee, and cocoa for distant markets." (Mintz, S.) This is when the nature of serfdom and slavery transformed and evolved. During this process of exploration and colonization, emerged the "triangular trade" between the colonies. The triangular trade is derived from the three ports or regions that participated in the trade namely West Africa, West Indies and Europe. The trade evolved where commodities that are not needed in one region are shipped (export) to other regions that needs and receives it (import). In this trading system, the products of slave labor like sugar, molasses, tobacco and rice were brought to England where an exchange of goods took place. The goods were also shipped to Africa in jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-41688645909774763512019-11-16T12:37:00.001-08:002019-11-16T12:37:05.491-08:00The internal ans external environmental forces Essay Example for Free The internal ans external environmental forces Essay SWOTT Analysis: Candy BusinessThis paper examines the internal and external environmental forces and trends to consider when opening a candy business. This paper will look at the legal and regulatory forces of a sole proprietorship and social external trends to consider. The internal forces and trends that will be analysis are strategy, structures, goals, culture, and leadership. Legal and regulatoryThis business is going to have a sole proprietorship which means that the candy shop will be owned by one individual. This will leave the owner responsible for all the legal and financial liabilities of the business. Sole Proprietorships are probably the simplest and cheapest forms of business organization. They do not require registration with local, state or federal governments (other than taxes and special regulatory agencies). They are businesses which have one owner and they do not have stock. The sole proprietor owns all assets and is responsible for all debts. If the business cannot pay its bills, creditors can sue the owner to collect. The company does not conduct legal or contractual transactions, rather the owner does. Advantages of the sole proprietorship include:â⬠¢Ease of formation no legal registrationsâ⬠¢Low overhead income reported as ordinary income to the owners. Taxes tend to be straight-forwardâ⬠¢Easy control and direction established by the owner no boards or advisors. â⬠¢Suitable business form for many types of products, services and enterprises (Sole Proprietorship, 2008). Being a sole proprietor means that the owner will need watch their competition to make sure that they do not lose customers to the competitions that also sale sugar-free candy. Sole proprietor also means the owner assumes all liability risk. SocialThe candy business will work to promote a healthier environment by advertising their sugar free candies more then regular candy. But they are in the business to sale candy; this will also give their customers an opportunity to make a healthier choice when it comes to candy. The candy business will sale their candy online, to ensure the safety of their webà site orders, credit card numbers are never stored. The information is never sent to a database to retain the information. The only information that is kept is customer names, addresses, and emails so that they can follow up with customers if something goes wrong with their purchase (Van Otis Chocolates, 2005). StrategyThe proposed candy business has a very unique business strategy because of the specialized product that the business sells. The candies sold are considered to be top of the line product that is only available in certain stores, which keeps the stature of the candy high. The candy business has centered sales around the sales of their sugar free candies for those people who love candy, but need to watch their sugar intake for different health reasons. StructuresThe candy business will operate both as a brick and mortar business in a mall and an ecommerce business. This way the business will reach more customers and the candy business will try to keep consistency between their ecommerce site and their brick and mortar store. That way if customers see something on the web site but do not want to purchase on the site they can come to the store and make their purchase. The candy business will offer all the same products to help satisfy the consumers needs. GoalsOne of the number one goals of the candy business is the availability of all products offered in the store to be available on the website. This is important because their candy is the favorite to people all over the country who wish to have the entire store available to them. Another goal of the candy business is to sale Weight Watchers candy in the store. This will bring those customers that are trying to loss weight but need something sweet sometime. This will also help with the growth of the business. Even though there are other candy stores out there who also sale sugar free candy, this will help pull customers to this store and that Weight Watchers candy is available in this store that other candy store to not sale. CultureCandy in general is deemed childrens food, just as toys in general are labeled for childs play. Most likely, a person would expect an eventà intended for children to be a more appropriate venue to serve candy than an event intended for adults. But surprisingly, adults lead the way in candy consumption. In fact, according to the National Confectioners Association, adults over age 18 consume 65% of all candy (Hudak, 2008). Americans did not always have a sweet tooth. When candy was first made and sold in the United States, most people considered it a frivolous luxury for women of means (Knowlton, 1999). Most dentist will tell their patients not to eat a great deal of candy, but if a person rinse, brush and floss faithfully they can keep from getting cavities just like with any other type of food. LeadershipA sole proprietor has complete control and decision-making power over the business. All responsibilities and business decisions fall on the shoulders of the sole proprietor and investors will not usually invest in sole proprietorships. A sole proprietorship can hire any number of employees. A strong leadership is needed to grow the business. Without good leadership and a management system the business could close. Management needs a measurement and improvement system that makes the orchestration of day-to-day activities possible so there is true business-needs alignment-a system that not only monitors operations, but also provides the entire workforce with information that can be used up and down the line to make sure everyones performance supports corporate strategies for any business to succeed (Breyfogle, 2007). When opening a business there are many things that need to be considered. Doing a SWOTT analysis can help a business to know where they need to focus their needs to grow their business. Having a strong management system and good leadership skill can help a business grow and be successful. References Breyfogle. F.W. (2007). Quality Management. Retrieved July 21, 2008, fromhttp://www.qualitymag.com/CDA/Articles/Feature_Article/BNP_GUID_9-5-2006_A_10000000000000105938Hudak, D. (2008). Pop Rocks: A Discussion of Childrens Culture and Candy Consumption. Retrieved July 20, 2008, from http://www.candyfavorites.com/shop/pop-rocks-history.phpKnowlton, B. (1999). American Topics: How Candy Became Dandy. Retrieved July 18, 2008,from http://www.iht.com/articles/1999/07/22/topics.2.t_5.phpVan Otis Chocolates. (2005). Social and Legal Issues. Retrieved July 20, 2008, fromhttp://it.snhu.edu/classof2006/mcgannheather/vanotis/Social_Legal.htmSole Proprietorship, (2008). Retrieved July 19, 2008, fromhttp://www.companiesinc.com/incorporate/businesstypes/soleprop.asp jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2693924256480435673.post-6747985020568096732019-11-14T01:07:00.001-08:002019-11-14T01:07:03.789-08:00The Physics Behind Remote Sensing :: PhysicsRemote Sensing is the science of acquiring, processing and interpreting images that record the interaction between the electromagnetic energy and matter (Sabins, 1997). Remote sensing offers extensive applications in almost every area of science from monitoring forest fires to geologic mapping . Although many aspects of remote sensing are complex and difficult to understand the basic theory behind remote sensing is simple physics. There are four major stages of remote sensing. The first stage is the source of energy, usually the sun, which sends energy to a target. The second stage is the interactions that the energy will go through as it passes through a vacuum and the earthââ¬â¢s atmosphere. There is then interactions that occurs with the body on earthââ¬â¢s surface. The energy again, goes through the atmosphere and finally the sensor is able to detect and record the electromagnetic energy. Electromagnetic Energy Electromagnetic energy is a dynamic form of energy that is caused by the acceleration or oscillation of a charged particle. All substances above absolute zero (0 Kelvin) emit a range of electromagnetic energy. The sun emits electromagnetic energy and practically all of the natural electromagnetic energy injected into the earth is produced by the sun (Prakush, 2002). Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic Radiation is the streams of mass-less particles, traveling in a harmonic, sinusoidal fusion at the velocity of light each possessing a specific amount of energy. The distance from one peak to the next is the wavelength and the number of peaks passing through a fixed point per unit time is the wave frequency (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1994). Electromagnetic radiation is Electromagnetic energy in motion and can be described by the basic wave theory. Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their wavelength location within the electromagnetic spectrum which is most commonly measured in micrometers. Names are often assigned to regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, but there is no clear cut dividing lines from one region to the next (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1994). Stefan - Boltzmann Law How much energy any objects radiates is a function of its surface temperature. The Stefan - Boltzmann equations tells one that as a temperature of a body increase the total radiance of the body will also increase. (Sabins, 1997). Interactions The way electromagnetic radation interacts with matter can be detected with different sensors. How the radation interacts depends upon the properties of the medium, the wavelength of the incedent radation and the incident angle. There are four major types of interactions that occur: transmission, reflection, scattering and absorption (Lillesand and Kiefer, 1994). jeanneevans53http://www.blogger.com/profile/00849969619259658567noreply@blogger.com0